{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T07:10:52Z","timestamp":1787901052854,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]],"date-time":"2018-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We recently have established a successful xenograft model of human glioblastoma cells by enriching hyaluronic acid-dependent spheroid-forming populations termed U251MG-P1 cells from U251MG cells. Since U251MG-P1 cells have been confirmed to express CD44 along with principal stemness marker genes, OCT3\/4, SOX2, KLF4 and Nanog, this CD44 expressing population appeared to majorly consist of undifferentiated cells. Evaluating the sensitivity to anti-cancer agents, we found U251MG-P1 cells were sensitive to doxorubicin with IC50 at 200 nM. Although doxorubicin has serious side-effects, establishment of an efficient therapy targeting undifferentiated glioblastoma cell population is necessary. We previously designed a chlorotoxin peptide fused to human IgG Fc region without hinge sequence (M-CTX-Fc), which exhibited a stronger growth inhibitory effect on the glioblastoma cell line A172 than an original chlorotoxin peptide. Combining these results together, we designed M-CTX-Fc conjugated liposomes encapsulating doxorubicin and used U251MG-P1 cells as the target model in this study. The liposome modified with M-CTX-Fc was designed with a diameter of approximately 100\u2013150 nm and showed high encapsulation efficiency, adequate loading capacity of anticancer drug, enhanced antitumor effects demonstrating increasing uptake into the cells in vitro; M-CTX-Fc-L-Dox shows great promise in its ability to suppress tumor growth in vivo and it could serve as a template for targeted delivery of other therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19030659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,27]],"date-time":"2018-02-27T03:36:12Z","timestamp":1519702572000},"page":"659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Targeting Glioblastoma Cells Expressing CD44 with Liposomes Encapsulating Doxorubicin and Displaying Chlorotoxin-IgG Fc Fusion Protein"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7370-6686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hafizah","family":"Mahmud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-0080, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomonari","family":"Kasai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-0080, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9160-7446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Apriliana Cahya","family":"Khayrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-0080, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mami","family":"Asakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-0080, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aung Ko Ko","family":"Oo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-0080, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-0080, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Vaidyanath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-0080, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samah","family":"El-Ghlban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, El Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Menoufia 32511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akifumi","family":"Mizutani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-0080, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9664-9490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akimasa","family":"Seno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-0080, 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