{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T02:00:29Z","timestamp":1789783229197,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]],"date-time":"2018-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification of proteins that occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum\/Golgi. N-glycans and mucin-type O-glycans are achieved via a series of glycohydrolase- and glycosyltransferase-mediated reactions. Glycosylation modulates immune responses by regulating thymocyte development and T helper cell differentiation. Autoimmune diseases result from an abnormal immune response by self-antigens and subsequently lead to the destruction of the target tissues. The modification of N-glycans has been studied in several animal models of T-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes and highlights the modulatory effects of N-glycosylation in several autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, and type 1 diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19030780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]],"date-time":"2018-03-08T12:07:33Z","timestamp":1520510853000},"page":"780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["The Modulatory Roles of N-glycans in T-Cell-Mediated Autoimmune Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ming-Wei","family":"Chien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9697-6814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shin-Huei","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao-Yuan","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Wen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan"},{"name":"Molecular Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huey-Kang","family":"Sytwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/12.2.119","article-title":"UDP-GlcNAc concentration is an important factor in the biosynthesis of \u03b21,6-branched oligosaccharides: Regulation based on the kinetic properties of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V","volume":"12","author":"Sasai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.01.049","article-title":"Complex N-glycan number and degree of branching cooperate to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation","volume":"129","author":"Lau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1333","article-title":"Genetics and the environment converge to dysregulate N-glycosylation in multiple sclerosis","volume":"2","author":"Mkhikian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. 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