{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T18:40:48Z","timestamp":1760985648821,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,16]],"date-time":"2018-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) can play a causative role in the development of sinonasal tract malignancies. In fact, HPV may be the most significant causative agent implicated in sinonasal tumorigenesis and is implicated in as many as 21% of sinonasal carcinomas. To date, there are no definitive, reliable and cost-effective, diagnostic tests approved by the FDA for the unequivocal determination of HPV status in head and neck cancers. We followed an exhaustive algorithm to correctly test HPV infection, including a sequential approach with p16INK4a IHC, viral DNA genotyping and in situ hybridization for E6\/E7 mRNA. Here, we report a case of sinonasal carcinoma with discordant results using HPV test assays. The tumor we describe showed an irregular immunoreactivity for p16INK4a, and it tested positive for HPV DNA; nevertheless, it was negative for HR-HPV mRNA. We discuss the possible meaning of this discrepancy. It would be advisable to test HPV transcriptional status of sinonasal carcinoma on a diagnostic routine basis, not only by p16INK4a IHC assay, but also by HPV DNA genotyping and HR-HPV mRNA assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19030883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]],"date-time":"2018-03-20T06:57:11Z","timestamp":1521529031000},"page":"883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["HPV Virus Transcriptional Status Assessment in a Case of Sinonasal Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9354-4087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gennaro","family":"Ilardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Varricchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Salzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Operative Unit of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Dell\u2019Aversana Orabona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Operative Unit of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Napolitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Di Crescenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Borzillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0711-6738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Merolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Health Sciences \u201cV. Tiberio\u201d, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2576-220X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Mascolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Staibano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"El-Naggar, A.K., Chan, J.K.C., Grandis, J.R., Takata, T., and Slootweg, P.J. (2017). 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