{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T20:30:04Z","timestamp":1782592204365,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]],"date-time":"2018-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science &amp; Technology Development funded by the Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea","award":["Project No. PJ01158104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project No. PJ01158104"]}]},{"name":"Bio &amp; Medical Technology Development Program funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, Republic of Korea","award":["NRF-2017M3A9E4047243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2017M3A9E4047243"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced dry mouth and an application of natural products from Ixeris dentata (IXD), a recently suggested regulator of amylase secretion in salivary cells. Vehicle-treated or diabetic rats were orally treated with either water or an IXD extract for 10 days to observe the effect on salivary flow. We found that the IXD extract increased aquaporin 5 (AQP5) and alpha-amylase protein expression in the submandibular gland along with salivary flow rate. Similarly, the IXD extract and its purified compound increased amylase secretion in high glucose-exposed human salivary gland cells. Furthermore, increased endoplasmic reticulum stress response in the submandibular gland of diabetic rats was inhibited by treatment with the IXD extract, suggesting that IXD extract treatment improves the ER environment by increasing the protein folding capacity. Thus, pharmacological treatment with the IXD extract is suggested to relieve DM-induced dry mouth symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19041059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]],"date-time":"2018-04-02T12:32:20Z","timestamp":1522672340000},"page":"1059","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Ixeris dentata Extract Increases Salivary Secretion through the Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in a Diabetes-Induced Xerostomia Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4781-9067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kashi","family":"Bhattarai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hwa-Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon 406-840, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyung-Ryong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han-Jung","family":"Chae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhattarai, K.R., Junjappa, R., Handigund, M., Kim, H.R., and Chae, H.J. 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