{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T23:43:31Z","timestamp":1779925411339,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]],"date-time":"2018-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a potentially blinding condition characterized by a physical separation between neurosensory retina and retinal pigment epithelium. Quantitative proteomics can help to understand the changes that occur at the cellular level during RRD, providing additional information about the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis. In the present study, iTRAQ labeling was combined with two-dimensional LC-ESI-MS\/MS to find expression changes in the proteome of vitreous from patients with RRD when compared to control samples. A total of 150 proteins were found differentially expressed in the vitreous of patients with RRD, including 96 overexpressed and 54 underexpressed. Several overexpressed proteins, several such as glycolytic enzymes (fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A, gamma-enolase, and phosphoglycerate kinase 1), glucose transporters (GLUT-1), growth factors (metalloproteinase inhibitor 1), and serine protease inhibitors (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1) are regulated by HIF-1, which suggests that HIF-1 signaling pathway can be triggered in response to RRD. Also, the accumulation of photoreceptor proteins, including phosducin, rhodopsin, and s-arrestin, and vimentin in vitreous may indicate that photoreceptor degeneration occurs in RRD. Also, the accumulation of photoreceptor proteins, including phosducin, rhodopsin, and s-arrestin, and vimentin in vitreous may indicate that photoreceptor degeneration occurs in RRD. Nevertheless, the differentially expressed proteins found in this study suggest that different mechanisms are activated after RRD to promote the survival of retinal cells through complex cellular responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19041157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]],"date-time":"2018-04-11T12:16:50Z","timestamp":1523449010000},"page":"1157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["iTRAQ Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Vitreous from Patients with Retinal Detachment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4041-1504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology\u2014UBIMedical, University of Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonor","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Ciordia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Proteomica, Centro Nacional de Biotecnolog\u00eda, CSIC, Calle Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Castro e Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Hospital Center Leiria-Pombal, 3100-462 Pombal, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Paradela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Proteomica, Centro Nacional de Biotecnolog\u00eda, CSIC, Calle Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6910-7576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Passarinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology\u2014UBIMedical, University of Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0927-2331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e2ndida","family":"Tomaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.157727","article-title":"The epidemiology of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: Geographical variation and clinical associations","volume":"94","author":"Mitry","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. 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