{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:08:42Z","timestamp":1788930522114,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,14]],"date-time":"2018-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article provides a detailed review of current knowledge on the role of vitamin D and its receptor in the biology and management of uterine fibroids (UFs). Authors present ideas for future steps in this area. A literature search was conducted in PubMed using the following key words: \u201cuterine fibroid\u201d and \u201cvitamin D\u201d. The results of the available studies, published in English from January 2002 up to April 2018, have been discussed. Vitamin D is a group of steroid compounds with a powerful impact on many parts of the human body. This vitamin is believed to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation, inhibit angiogenesis, and stimulate apoptosis. Nowadays, hypovitaminosis D is believed to be a major risk factor in the development of UFs. In many studies vitamin D appears to be a powerful factor against UFs, resulting in inhibition of tumor cell division and a significant reduction in its size, however, the exact role of this compound and its receptor in the pathophysiology of UFs is not fully understood. According to available studies, vitamin D and its analogs seem to be promising, effective, and low-cost compounds in the management of UFs and their clinical symptoms, and the anti-tumor activities of vitamin D play an important role in UF biology. The synergy between vitamin D and selected anti-UF drugs is a very interesting issue which requires further research. Further studies about the biological effect of vitamin D on UF biology are essential. Vitamin D preparations (alone or as a co-drugs) could become new tools in the fight with UFs, with the additional beneficial pleiotropic effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19072051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,16]],"date-time":"2018-07-16T04:05:33Z","timestamp":1531713933000},"page":"2051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Vitamin D and Uterine Fibroids\u2014Review of the Literature and Novel Concepts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5780-5983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Ciebiera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1545-2547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"W\u0142odarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Ciebiera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Students\u2019 Scientific Association at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kornelia","family":"Zar\u0119ba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"\u0141ukaszuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland"},{"name":"INVICTA Fertility and Reproductive Center, 80-172 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Jakiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03622-9","article-title":"Uterine fibroids","volume":"357","author":"Stewart","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16043","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.43","article-title":"Uterine fibroids","volume":"2","author":"Stewart","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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