{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T22:35:00Z","timestamp":1790289300733,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]],"date-time":"2018-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004442","name":"Narodowym Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEC-2013\/11\/B\/NZ5\/00162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEC-2013\/11\/B\/NZ5\/00162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004442","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Wroclaw Center of Biotechnology within a Program\u2014The Leading National Research Center (KNOW) for years 2014\u20132018","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In our previous study, calcitriol and its analogs PRI-2191 and PRI-2205 stimulated 4T1 mouse mammary gland cancer metastasis. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the inflammatory response in 4T1-bearing mice treated with these compounds. Gene expression analysis of the splenocytes and regional lymph nodes demonstrated prevalence of the T helper lymphocytes (Th2) response with an increased activity of regulatory T (Treg) lymphocytes in mice treated with these compounds. We also observed an increased number of mature granulocytes and B lymphocytes and a decreased number of TCD4+, TCD4+CD25+, and TCD8+, as well as natural killer (NK) CD335+, cells in the blood of mice treated with calcitriol and its analogs. Among the splenocytes, we observed a significant decrease in NK CD335+ cells and an increase in TCD8+ cells. Calcitriol and its analogs decreased the levels of interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and IL-10 and increased the level of interferon gamma (IFN-\u03b3) in the plasma. In the tumor tissue, they caused an increase in the level of IL-10. Gene expression analysis of lung tissue demonstrated an increased level of osteopontin (Spp1) and transforming growth factor \u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2) mRNA. The expression of Spp1 was also elevated in lymph nodes. Calcitriol and its analogs caused prevalence of tumor-conducive changes in the immune system of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice, despite the induction of some tumor-disadvantageous effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19072116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,23]],"date-time":"2018-07-23T03:24:27Z","timestamp":1532316267000},"page":"2116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Calcitriol and Its Analogs Establish the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment That Drives Metastasis in 4T1 Mouse Mammary Gland Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Agata","family":"Pawlik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artur","family":"Anisiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2910-5642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beata","family":"Filip-Psurska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-3754 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliza","family":"Turlej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justyna","family":"Trynda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Banach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Gretkierewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4980-6606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Wietrzyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2013.07.010","article-title":"The metastatic microenvironment of breast cancer: Clinical implications","volume":"22","author":"Coleman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2015.05.014","article-title":"Endothelium and cancer metastasis: Perspectives for antimetastatic therapy","volume":"67","author":"Blazejczyk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. 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