{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T02:52:34Z","timestamp":1789786354576,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]],"date-time":"2018-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 agents represent an effective treatment for chronic inflammatory diseases. However, some concerns about their potentially undesirable effects on liver function have been reported. On the other hand, evidence of their therapeutic effects on certain liver diseases is accumulating. Many data showed the safety of anti-TNF-\u03b1 in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C and in liver transplanted patients even if a strict follow-up and prophylaxis are recommended in well-defined subgroups. On the other side, anti-TNF-\u03b1-induced liver injury is not a rare event. However, it is often reversible after anti-TNF-\u03b1 withdrawal. Anti-TNF-\u03b1 agents have been tested in advanced stages of severe alcoholic hepatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Limited data on the efficacy of anti-TNF-\u03b1 in patients with autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis are also available. In this review, we explored the hepatic safety concerns in patients receiving anti-TNF-\u03b1 agents with and without pre-existent hepatic diseases. In addition, the available evidence on their potential benefits in the treatment of specific hepatic diseases is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19082199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]],"date-time":"2018-07-27T12:20:03Z","timestamp":1532694003000},"page":"2199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Harmful Effects and Potential Benefits of Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-\u03b1 on the Liver"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5747-2055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loris Riccardo","family":"Lopetuso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS-Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giammarco","family":"Mocci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Brotzu Hospital, 09121 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Marzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS-Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"D\u2019Aversa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS-Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gian Lodovico","family":"Rapaccini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS-Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Guidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS-Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Armuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. 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