{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:15:16Z","timestamp":1787498116063,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,28]],"date-time":"2018-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13N13437"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13N13437"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intervertebral disc degeneration is a major source of back pain. For intervertebral disc regeneration after herniation a fast closure of anulus fibrosus (AF) defects is crucial. Here, the use of the C-C motif chemokine ligand 25 (CCL)25 in comparison to differentiation factors such as transforming growth factor (TGF)\u03b23, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2, BMP7, BMP12, and BMP14 (all in concentrations of 10, 50 and 100 ng\/mL) was tested in an in vitro micro mass pellet model with isolated and cultivated human AF-cells (n = 3) to induce and enhance AF-matrix formation. The pellets were differentiated (serum-free) with supplementation of the factors. After 28 days all used factors induced proteoglycan production (safranin O staining) and collagen type I production (immunohistochemical staining) in at least one of the tested concentrations. Histomorphometric scoring revealed that TGF\u03b23 delivered the strongest induction of proteoglycan production in all three concentrations. Furthermore, it was the only factor able to facilitate collagen type II production, even higher than in native tissue samples. CCL25 was also able to induce proteoglycan and collagen type I production comparable to several BMPs. CCL25 could additionally induce migration of AF-cells in a chemotaxis assay and therefore possibly aid in regeneration processes after disc herniation by recruiting AF-cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19082207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,30]],"date-time":"2018-07-30T11:55:08Z","timestamp":1532951708000},"page":"2207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Chemokine CCL25 Induces Migration and Extracellular Matrix Production of Anulus Fibrosus-Derived Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8576-0786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Stich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4tzu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0424-549X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anke","family":"M\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4tzu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Cabraja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spinal Surgery, VivantesAuguste-Viktoria-Hospital, 12157 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Philipp","family":"Kr\u00fcger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TransTissue Technologies GmbH, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7742-5128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvia","family":"Hondke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TransTissue Technologies GmbH, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Endres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TransTissue Technologies GmbH, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Ringe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4tzu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Sittinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4tzu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318133fad8","article-title":"Back Pain in the German Adult Population: Prevalence, Severity, and Sociodemographic Correlates in a Multiregional Survey","volume":"32","author":"Schmidt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2008.04.005","article-title":"Costs of Back Pain in Germany","volume":"13","author":"Wenig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. 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