{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T22:32:47Z","timestamp":1782945167953,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that is characterized by irreversible articular cartilage destruction by inflammatory reaction. Among inflammatory stimuli, interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) is known to play a crucial role in OA pathogenesis by stimulating several mediators that contribute to cartilage degradation. Recently, the marine brown alga Sargassum serratifolium has been reported to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in microglial and human umbilical vein endothelial cell models using lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, but its beneficial effects on OA have not been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-osteoarthritic effects of ethanol extract of S. serratifolium (EESS) in SW1353 human chondrocytes and, in parallel, primary rat articular chondrocytes. Our results showed that EESS effectively blocked the generation of reactive oxygen species in IL-1\u03b2-treated SW1353 and rat primary chondrocytes, indicating that EESS has a potent antioxidant activity. EESS also attenuated IL-1\u03b2-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2, major inflammatory mediators in these cells, which was associated with the inhibition of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Moreover, EESS downregulated the level of gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3 and -13 in SW1353 chondrocytes treated with IL-1\u03b2, resulting in their extracellular secretion reduction. In addition, the IL-1\u03b2-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-\u03baB) was restored by EESS. Furthermore, EESS reduced the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)\/Akt signaling pathways upon IL-1\u03b2 stimulation. These results indicate that EESS has the potential to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects through inactivation of the NF-\u03baB, p38 MAPK, and PI3K\/Akt signaling pathways. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that EESS may have the potential for chondroprotection, and extracts of S. serratifolium could potentially be used in the prevention and treatment of OA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19082308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T11:20:23Z","timestamp":1533640823000},"page":"2308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["RETRACTED: Sargassum serratifolium Extract Attenuates Interleukin-1\u03b2-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Chondrocytes by Suppressing the Activation of NF-\u03baB, p38 MAPK, and PI3K\/Akt"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Cheol","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Woo","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freshwater Bioresources Utilization Bureau, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae-Sung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi-Jin","family":"Yim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suhkmann","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Center for Proteome Biophysics and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heui-Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6878-0790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gi-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8006-6402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eui","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Institute for Hard Tissue and Biotooth Regeneration, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3299-7266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"You-Jin","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6963-2685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee-Jae","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Genetics, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan 49267, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1454-3124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yung","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anti-Aging Research Center and Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1080\/17453674.2016.1265877","article-title":"Cartilage repair in the degenerative ageing knee","volume":"87","author":"Brittberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Orthop."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-014-1117-2","article-title":"A systems view of risk factors for knee osteoarthritis reveals insights into the pathogenesis of the disease","volume":"43","author":"Andriacchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. 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