{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:29:24Z","timestamp":1785198564287,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,14]],"date-time":"2018-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rabies virus (RABV) and other lyssaviruses can cause rabies and rabies-like diseases, which are a persistent public health threat to humans and other mammals. Lyssaviruses exhibit distinct characteristics in terms of geographical distribution and host specificity, indicative of a long-standing diversification to adapt to the environment. However, the evolutionary diversity of lyssaviruses, in terms of codon usage, is still unclear. We found that RABV has the lowest codon usage bias among lyssaviruses strains, evidenced by its high mean effective number of codons (ENC) (53.84 \u00b1 0.35). Moreover, natural selection is the driving force in shaping the codon usage pattern of these strains. In summary, our study sheds light on the codon usage patterns of lyssaviruses, which can aid in the development of control strategies and experimental research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19082397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,14]],"date-time":"2018-08-14T10:31:16Z","timestamp":1534242676000},"page":"2397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Comprehensive Analysis of Codon Usage on Rabies Virus and Other Lyssaviruses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health &amp; Food Safety, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchen","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health &amp; Food Safety, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health &amp; Food Safety, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health &amp; Food Safety, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health &amp; Food Safety, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senlin","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health &amp; Food Safety, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health &amp; Food Safety, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19715","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1203456109","article-title":"Variable evolutionary routes to host establishment across repeated rabies virus host shifts among bats","volume":"109","author":"Streicker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. 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