{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T23:22:25Z","timestamp":1790464945351,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]],"date-time":"2018-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Seventh Framework Programme","award":["602398"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["602398"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005986","name":"Stiftung Endoprothetik","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S 01\/16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S 01\/16"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005986","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The balance of bone formation and resorption is the result of a regulated crosstalk between osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes. Inflammation, mechanical load, and external stimuli modulate this system. Exposure of bone cells to metal ions or wear particles are thought to cause osteolysis via activation of osteoclasts and inhibition of osteoblast activity. Co2+ ions have been shown to impair osteoblast function and the expression of the three transforming growth factor (TGF)-\u03b2 isoforms. The current study was performed to analyze how Co2+ and Cr3+ influence the expression, proliferation, and migration profile of osteoblast-like cells. The influence of Co2+, Cr3+, and CoCr particles on gene expression was analyzed using an osteogenesis PCR Array. The expression of different members of the TGF-\u03b2 signaling cascade were down-regulated by Co2+, as well as several TGF-\u03b2 regulated collagens, however, Cr3+ had no effect. CoCr particles partially affected similar genes as the Co2+treatment. Total collagen production of Co2+ treated osteoblasts was reduced, which can be explained by the reduced expression levels of various collagens. While proliferation of MG63 cells appears unaffected by Co2+, the migration capacity was impaired. Our data may improve the knowledge of changes in gene expression patterns, and the proliferation and migration effects caused by artificial materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19103034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]],"date-time":"2018-10-05T12:16:44Z","timestamp":1538741804000},"page":"3034","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Differential Effect of Cobalt and Chromium Ions as Well as CoCr Particles on the Expression of Osteogenic Markers and Osteoblast Function"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Drynda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Stra\u00dfe 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Drynda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Stra\u00dfe 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany"},{"name":"Clinic for Rheumatology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Stra\u00dfe 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rn","family":"Kekow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Rheumatology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Stra\u00dfe 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph Hubertus","family":"Lohmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Stra\u00dfe 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Bertrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Stra\u00dfe 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2011.01.001","article-title":"Failure modes of 433 metal-on-metal hip implants: How, why and wear","volume":"42","author":"Ebramzadeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Orthop. 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