{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:33:14Z","timestamp":1790645594084,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":277,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,14]],"date-time":"2018-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a multifactorial and severe disease without curative therapies. PAH pathobiology involves altered pulmonary arterial tone, endothelial dysfunction, distal pulmonary vessel remodeling, and inflammation, which could all depend on ion channel activities (K+, Ca2+, Na+ and Cl\u2212). This review focuses on ion channels in the pulmonary vasculature and discusses their pathophysiological contribution to PAH as well as their therapeutic potential in PAH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19103162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,15]],"date-time":"2018-10-15T03:43:01Z","timestamp":1539574981000},"page":"3162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Ion Channels in Pulmonary Hypertension: A Therapeutic Interest?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"M\u00e9lanie","family":"Lambert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Paris-Sud, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, 94270 Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"AP-HP, Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence de l\u2019Hypertension Pulmonaire S\u00e9v\u00e8re, D\u00e9partement Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et R\u00e9animation Respiratoire, H\u00f4pital de Bic\u00eatre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris\u2013Sud, Laboratoire d\u2019Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le M\u00e9dicament et l\u2019Innovation Th\u00e9rapeutique (LERMIT), H\u00f4pital-Marie-Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Capuano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Paris-Sud, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, 94270 Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"AP-HP, Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence de l\u2019Hypertension Pulmonaire S\u00e9v\u00e8re, D\u00e9partement Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et R\u00e9animation Respiratoire, H\u00f4pital de Bic\u00eatre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris\u2013Sud, Laboratoire d\u2019Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le M\u00e9dicament et l\u2019Innovation Th\u00e9rapeutique (LERMIT), H\u00f4pital-Marie-Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Olschewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, Graz 8010, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical University Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstra\u00dfe 6, Graz 8010, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Sabourin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Signalisation et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire, UMRS 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 92296 Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3825-8587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chandran","family":"Nagaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, Graz 8010, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Girerd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Paris-Sud, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, 94270 Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"AP-HP, Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence de l\u2019Hypertension Pulmonaire S\u00e9v\u00e8re, D\u00e9partement Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et R\u00e9animation Respiratoire, H\u00f4pital de Bic\u00eatre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris\u2013Sud, Laboratoire d\u2019Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le M\u00e9dicament et l\u2019Innovation Th\u00e9rapeutique (LERMIT), H\u00f4pital-Marie-Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Weatherald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Paris-Sud, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, 94270 Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"AP-HP, Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence de l\u2019Hypertension Pulmonaire S\u00e9v\u00e8re, D\u00e9partement Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et R\u00e9animation Respiratoire, H\u00f4pital de Bic\u00eatre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris\u2013Sud, Laboratoire d\u2019Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le M\u00e9dicament et l\u2019Innovation Th\u00e9rapeutique (LERMIT), H\u00f4pital-Marie-Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France"},{"name":"Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T1Y 6J4, Canada"},{"name":"Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T1Y 6J4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0703-2892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Humbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Paris-Sud, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, 94270 Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"AP-HP, Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence de l\u2019Hypertension Pulmonaire S\u00e9v\u00e8re, D\u00e9partement Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et R\u00e9animation Respiratoire, H\u00f4pital de Bic\u00eatre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris\u2013Sud, Laboratoire d\u2019Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le M\u00e9dicament et l\u2019Innovation Th\u00e9rapeutique (LERMIT), H\u00f4pital-Marie-Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Antigny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Paris-Sud, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, 94270 Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"AP-HP, Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence de l\u2019Hypertension Pulmonaire S\u00e9v\u00e8re, D\u00e9partement Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et R\u00e9animation Respiratoire, H\u00f4pital de Bic\u00eatre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris\u2013Sud, Laboratoire d\u2019Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le M\u00e9dicament et l\u2019Innovation Th\u00e9rapeutique (LERMIT), H\u00f4pital-Marie-Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01032-2015","article-title":"2015 ESC\/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: The Joint Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS)Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT)","volume":"46","author":"Humbert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. 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