{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T15:52:10Z","timestamp":1790265130413,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]],"date-time":"2018-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Helsinn Healthcare SA","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cancer cachexia is a multilayered syndrome consisting of the interaction between tumor cells and the host, at times modulated by the pharmacologic treatments used for tumor control. Key cellular and soluble mediators, activated because of this interaction, induce metabolic and nutritional alterations. This results in mass and functional changes systemically, and can lead to increased morbidity and reduced length and quality of life. For most solid malignancies, a cure remains an unrealistic goal, and targeting the key mediators is ineffective because of their heterogeneity\/redundancy. The most beneficial approach is to target underlying systemic mechanisms, an approach where the novel non-peptide ghrelin analogue anamorelin has the advantage of stimulating appetite and possibly food intake, as well as promoting anabolism and significant muscle mass gain. In the ROMANA studies, compared with placebo, anamorelin significantly increased lean body mass in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Body composition analysis suggested that anamorelin is an active anabolic agent in patients with NSCLC, without the side effects of other anabolic drugs. Anamorelin also induced a significant and meaningful improvement of anorexia\/cachexia symptoms. The ROMANA trials have provided unprecedented knowledge, highlighting the therapeutic effects of anamorelin as an initial, but significant, step toward directly managing cancer cachexia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]],"date-time":"2018-11-05T10:43:45Z","timestamp":1541414625000},"page":"3471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Efficacy of Anamorelin, a Novel Non-Peptide Ghrelin Analogue, in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Cachexia\u2014Review and Expert Opinion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"David C.","family":"Currow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IMPACCT\u2014Improving Palliative, Aged and Chronic Care through Clinical and Translational Research, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Maddocks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy &amp; Rehabilitation, King\u2019s College London, London SE5 9RJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Cella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Social Sciences and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Muscaritoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational and Precision Medicine (formerly Department of Clinical Medicine), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70218-7","article-title":"Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: An international consensus","volume":"12","author":"Fearon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-010-0426-1","article-title":"The \u201cparallel pathway\u201d: A novel nutritional and metabolic approach to cancer patients","volume":"6","author":"Muscaritoli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intern. 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