{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:58:17Z","timestamp":1761490697726,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]],"date-time":"2018-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Open Fund of Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province","award":["No.2016NYZ0043, 2017JZ0033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.2016NYZ0043, 2017JZ0033"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Innate immunity is an essential line of defense against pathogen invasion which is gained at birth, and the mechanism involved is mainly to identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns through pattern recognition receptors. STING (stimulator of interferon genes) is a signal junction molecule that hosts the perception of viral nucleic acids and produces type I interferon response, which plays a crucial role in innate immunity. However, relatively few studies have investigated the molecular characterization, tissue distribution, and potential function of STING in chickens. In this study, we cloned the full-length cDNA of chicken STING that is composed of 1341 bp. Sequence analyses revealed that STING contains a 1140-bp open-reading frame that probably encodes a 379-amino acid protein. Multiple sequence alignments showed that the similarity of the chicken STING gene to other birds is higher than that of mammals. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays revealed that STING is highly expressed in the spleen, thymus and bursa of fabricious in chickens. Furthermore, we observed that STING expression was significantly upregulated both in vitro and in vivo following infection with Newcastle disease virus (NDV). STING expression was also significantly upregulated in chicken embryo fibroblasts upon stimulation with poly(I:C) or poly(dA:dT). Taken together, these findings suggest that STING plays an important role in antiviral signaling pathways in chickens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19123706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]],"date-time":"2018-11-22T09:18:25Z","timestamp":1542878305000},"page":"3706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Molecular Characterization, Expression and Functional Analysis of Chicken STING"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jin-Shan","family":"Ran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kunming Primate Research Center, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xian-Xian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing-Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling-Qian","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Qiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an Sichuan 625014, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao-Dong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.01.022","article-title":"Pattern recognition receptors and inflammation","volume":"140","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1863","article-title":"The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: Update on Toll-like receptors","volume":"11","author":"Kawai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. 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