{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T10:12:49Z","timestamp":1780567969287,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]],"date-time":"2018-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15H05935"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15H05935"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Radiation has a wide variety of effects on the liver. Fibrosis is a concern in medical fields as one of the acute effects of high-dose irradiation, such as with cancer radiotherapies. Cancer is also an important concern following exposure to radiation. The liver has an active metabolism and reacts to radiations. In addition, effects are modulated by many environmental factors, such as high-calorie foods or alcohol beverages. Adaptations to other environmental conditions could also influence the effects of radiation. Reactions to radiation may not be optimally regulated under conditions modulated by the environment, possibly leading to dysregulation, disease or cancer. Here, we introduce some reactions to ionizing radiation in the liver, as demonstrated primarily in animal experiments. In addition, modulation of radiation-induced effects in the liver due to factors such as obesity, alcohol drinking, or supplements derived from foods are reviewed. Perspectives on medical applications by modulations of radiation effects are also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19123855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,4]],"date-time":"2018-12-04T03:01:37Z","timestamp":1543892497000},"page":"3855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Radiation-Induced Reactions in the Liver\u2014Modulation of Radiation Effects by Lifestyle-Related Factors\u2014"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6455-0122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuo","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST, Chiba-shi 263-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuharu","family":"Ninomiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST, Chiba-shi 263-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuru","family":"Nenoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Resources Development Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST, Chiba-shi 263-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1703568","article-title":"Transplantation for accidental acute high-dose total body neutron- and gamma-radiation exposure","volume":"29","author":"Chiba","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transpl."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21811","article-title":"Radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: From palliation to cure","volume":"106","author":"Hawkins","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e359","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2017.85","article-title":"Radiation-induced liver disease: Current understanding and future perspectives","volume":"49","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. 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