{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T20:07:45Z","timestamp":1762459665752,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]],"date-time":"2018-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DE014390","T90 DE023520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DE014390","T90 DE023520"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes involved in periodontal tissue destruction. Hemagglutinin B (HagB) from the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis induces an elevated MMP response in dendritic cells, but responses from cultures of single-cell types do not reflect the local tissue environment. The objective of this study was to measure HagB-induced MMP responses in a transwell co-culture system containing dendritic cells, gingival epithelial (GE) keratinocytes, and CD4+ T-cells. Transwell co-cultures were assembled and treated with or without HagB. Immunoassays were used to determine production of MMP1, MMP7, MMP9, and MMP12 in response to HagB up to 64 h. Control responses were subtracted from HagB-induced responses. A two-way fixed effect ANOVA was fit to log-transformed concentrations and pairwise group comparisons were conducted (p &lt; 0.05). At 64 h, dendritic cells produced elevated MMP1 and MMP9 responses, which were attenuated in the 3-cell co-culture (p &lt; 0.05). There were also significant differences in MMP7 and MMP12 production between single-cell cultures and co-cultures. These results support the need to use multiple cell types in culture models to evaluate a more representative response to proinflammatory agonists. This three-cell transwell co-culture model may help us better understand the inflammatory process in periodontal disease and test novel therapeutic approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19123923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]],"date-time":"2018-12-07T03:46:14Z","timestamp":1544154374000},"page":"3923","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Matrix Metalloproteinase Response of Dendritic Cell, Gingival Epithelial Keratinocyte, and T-Cell Transwell Co-Cultures Treated with Porphyromonas gingivalis Hemagglutinin-B"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5184-4532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amber M.","family":"Bates","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carol L.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Waldorf University, Forest City, IA 50436, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vrushali P.","family":"Abhyankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgia K.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet M.","family":"Guthmiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5911-5935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann","family":"Progulske-Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Molecular Microbiology and Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3296-3867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim A.","family":"Brogden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"},{"name":"Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2015.140520","article-title":"Update on Prevalence of Periodontitis in Adults in the United States: NHANES 2009 to 2012","volume":"86","author":"Eke","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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