{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T15:27:16Z","timestamp":1776094036290,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,20]],"date-time":"2018-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["106-2320-B-008, 105-2314-B-008-001, 101-2221-E-038-009-, 107-2314-B-008 -001, 107-2622-B-008-002-CC1 and 106\/107-2622-B-008-001-CC1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106-2320-B-008, 105-2314-B-008-001, 101-2221-E-038-009-, 107-2314-B-008 -001, 107-2622-B-008-002-CC1 and 106\/107-2622-B-008-001-CC1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004737","name":"NHRI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NHRI-EX106-10607SI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHRI-EX106-10607SI"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibiotics without selectivity for acne treatment may destroy the beneficial microbes in the human microbiome that helps to fight Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes), a bacterium associated with inflammatory acne vulgaris. Probiotic treatment by direct application of live Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) onto the open acne lesions may run the risk of bloodstream infections. Here, we fabricated the polysulfone microtube array membranes (PSF MTAM) to encapsulate probiotic S. epidermidis. We demonstrate that the application of the encapsulation of S. epidermidis in PSF MTAM enhanced the glycerol fermentation activities of S. epidermidis. To mimic the granulomatous type of acne inflammatory acne vulgaris, the ears of mice were injected intradermally with C. acnes to induce the secretion of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), a murine counterpart of human interleukin (IL)-8. The C. acnes-injected mouse ears were covered with a PST MTAM encapsulated with or without S. epidermidis in the presence of glycerol. The application of S. epidermidis-encapsulated PST MTAM plus glycerol onto the C. acnes-injected mouse ears considerably reduced the growth of C. acnes and the production of MIP-2. Furthermore, no S. epidermidis leaked from PSF MTAM into mouse skin. The S. epidermidis-encapsulated PST MTAM functions as a probiotic acne patch.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20010014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,20]],"date-time":"2018-12-20T12:54:36Z","timestamp":1545310476000},"page":"14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["A Microtube Array Membrane (MTAM) Encapsulated Live Fermenting Staphylococcus epidermidis as a Skin Probiotic Patch against Cutibacterium acnes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Albert-Jackson","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinta","family":"Marito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John-Jackson","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunita","family":"Keshari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chee-Ho","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials &amp;Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chien-Chung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials &amp;Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Ming","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92121, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2537","article-title":"The skin microbiome","volume":"9","author":"Grice","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. 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