{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T22:54:34Z","timestamp":1781996074810,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,24]],"date-time":"2018-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested beneficial effects of vitamin E deficiency on malaria infection, it has not been clinically applicable for the treatment of malaria owing to the significant content of vitamin E in our daily food. However, since \u03b1-tocopherol transfer protein (\u03b1-TTP) has been shown to be a determinant of vitamin E level in circulation, manipulation of \u03b1-tocopherol levels by \u03b1-TTP inhibition was considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for malaria. Knockout studies in mice indicated that inhibition of \u03b1-TTP confers resistance against malaria infections in murines, accompanied by oxidative stress-induced DNA damage in the parasite, arising from vitamin E deficiency. Combination therapy with chloroquine and \u03b1-TTP inhibition significantly improved the survival rates in murines with malaria. Thus, clinical application of \u03b1-tocopherol deficiency could be possible, provided that \u03b1-tocopherol concentration in circulation is reduced. Probucol, a recently found drug, induced \u03b1-tocopherol deficiency in circulation and was effective against murine malaria. Currently, treatment of malaria relies on the artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT); however, when mice infected with malarial parasites were treated with probucol and dihydroartemisinin, the beneficial effect of ACT was pronounced. Protective effects of vitamin E deficiency might be extended to manage other parasites in future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20010064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,24]],"date-time":"2018-12-24T10:37:49Z","timestamp":1545647869000},"page":"64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Potential of Vitamin E Deficiency, Induced by Inhibition of \u03b1-Tocopherol Efflux, in Murine Malaria Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for Functional Genomics, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan"},{"name":"The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiko","family":"Kume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for Functional Genomics, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Shirely","family":"Herbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for Functional Genomics, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/120.3.233","article-title":"Absorption, transport and distribution of vitamin E","volume":"120","author":"Drevon","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. 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