{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T08:01:29Z","timestamp":1773216089451,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,8]],"date-time":"2019-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY05801, EY13720, EY 017731, DK 048522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY05801, EY13720, EY 017731, DK 048522"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Gifts","award":["No Grant Number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No Grant Number"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding the formation of Sjogren\u2019s lymphocytic infiltrates could permit earlier diagnosis and better outcomes. We submitted gene transcript abundances in histologically normal rabbit lacrimal glands to principal component analysis. The analysis identified a cluster of transcripts associated with Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s foci, including messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for C\u2013X\u2013C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) and B-cell activating factor (BAFF), which dominated the major principal component. We interpreted the transcript cluster as the signature of a cluster of integrally functioning cells. Pregnancy and dryness increased the likelihood that the cluster would develop to high levels, but responses were subject to high levels of stochasticity. Analyzing microdissected samples from high- and low-cluster-level glands, we found that certain transcripts, including mRNAs for C\u2013C motif chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21), CXCL13, cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4), CD28, CD25, BAFF, and interleukin 18 (IL-18) were significantly more abundant in immune cell clusters (ICs) from the high-cluster-level gland; mRNAs for CCL2, CD25, and IL-1RA were significantly more abundant in acinus-duct axis samples; mRNAs for CCL4, BAFF, IL-6, and IL-10 were more abundant in some acinus-duct samples; cells with high prolactin immunoreactivity were more frequent in interacinar spaces. In conclusion, integrated functional networks comprising Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s infiltrates, such as ICs, acinar cells, ductal cells, and interacinar cells, can form in histologically normal glands, and it is feasible to detect their molecular signatures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20010223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]],"date-time":"2019-01-09T03:06:06Z","timestamp":1547003166000},"page":"223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Molecular Evidence for Precursors of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Foci in Histologically Normal Lacrimal Glands"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Austin K.","family":"Mircheff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology &amp; Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanru","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology &amp; Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Billy X.","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leili","family":"Parsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell &amp; Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prachi","family":"Nandoskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell &amp; Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuanqing","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell &amp; Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(79)91110-0","article-title":"Differences in the clinical manifestations of sicca syndrome in the presence and absence of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"66","author":"Moutsopoulos","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. 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