{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:33:37Z","timestamp":1790678017612,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]],"date-time":"2019-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018014927"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018014927"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004332","name":"Seoul National University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0420160740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0420160740"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004332","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004332","name":"Seoul National University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0420160560"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0420160560"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004332","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FS\/10\/039\/28270"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FS\/10\/039\/28270"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001459","name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOE2016-T2-2-021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOE2016-T2-2-021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001459","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMRC\/CGAug16C006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC\/CGAug16C006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMRC\/CSA-SI\/0011\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC\/CSA-SI\/0011\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000921","name":"European Cooperation in Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA16225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA16225"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effects of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) in cardiac surgery have been inconsistent. We investigated whether anesthesia or beta-blockers interfere with RIPC cardioprotection. Fifty patients undergoing cardiac surgery were randomized to receive limb RIPC (four cycles of 5-min of upper arm cuff inflation\/deflation) in the awake state (no-anesthesia; n = 17), or under sevoflurane (n = 17) or propofol (n = 16) anesthesia. In a separate crossover study, 11 healthy volunteers received either carvedilol or no medication prior to RIPC. Plasma dialysates were obtained and perfused through an isolated male Sprague\u2013Dawley rat heart subjected to 30-min ischemia\/60-min reperfusion, following which myocardial infarct (MI) size was determined. In the cardiac surgery study, pre-RIPC MI sizes were similar among the groups (39.7 \u00b1 4.5% no-anesthesia, 38.9 \u00b1 5.3% sevoflurane, and 38.6 \u00b1 3.6% propofol). However, post-RIPC MI size was reduced in the no-anesthesia group (27.5 \u00b1 8.0%; p &lt; 0.001), but not in the anesthesia groups (35.7 \u00b1 6.9% sevoflurane and 35.8 \u00b1 5.8% propofol). In the healthy volunteer study, there was a reduction in MI size with RIPC in the no-carvedilol group (41.7 \u00b1 4.3% to 30.6 \u00b1 8.5%; p &lt; 0.0001), but not in the carvedilol group (41.0 \u00b1 4.0% to 39.6 \u00b1 5.6%; p = 0.452). We found that the cardioprotective effects of limb RIPC were abolished under propofol or sevoflurane anesthesia and in the presence of carvedilol therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]],"date-time":"2019-01-11T04:10:16Z","timestamp":1547179816000},"page":"269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Sevoflurane, Propofol and Carvedilol Block Myocardial Protection by Limb Remote Ischemic Preconditioning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6478-8616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youn Joung","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karam","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Kyong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong Woo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Joon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek J","family":"Hausenloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore"},{"name":"Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College of London, London WC1E 6HX, UK"},{"name":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnologica-FEMSA, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico"},{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore"},{"name":"The National Institute of Health Research, University College London Hospitals, Biomedical Research Centre, London W1T 7DN, UK"},{"name":"National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore 169609, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8686-1124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunseok","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2881","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000043806.51912.9B","article-title":"Transient limb ischemia induces remote ischemic preconditioning in vivo","volume":"106","author":"Kharbanda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.809723","article-title":"Cardiac Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in Coronary Stenting (CRISP Stent) Study: A prospective, randomized control trial","volume":"119","author":"Hoole","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)62001-8","article-title":"Remote ischaemic conditioning before hospital admission, as a complement to angioplasty, and effect on myocardial salvage in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A randomised trial","volume":"375","author":"Botker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2014.05.015","article-title":"Remote ischemic conditioning reduces myocardial infarct size and edema in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"8","author":"White","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. 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Sports Exerc."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/20\/2\/269\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:25:11Z","timestamp":1760185511000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/20\/2\/269"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms20020269"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20020269","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]]}}}