{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:24:38Z","timestamp":1791415478671,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]],"date-time":"2019-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University Research Project Grant, University of Catania- BIOMETEC","award":["Triennial Research Plan 2016-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Triennial Research Plan 2016-2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of moderate physical activity (MPA) on the expression of osteoarthritis (OA)-related (IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, MMP-13) and anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective (IL-4, IL-10, lubricin) biomarkers in the synovium of an OA-induced rat model. A total of 32 rats were divided into four groups: Control rats (Group 1); rats performing MPA (Group 2); anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-rats with OA (Group 3); and, ACLT-rats performing MPA (Group 4). Analyses were performed using Hematoxylin &amp; Eosin (H&amp;E) staining, histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry. In Group 3, OA biomarkers were significantly increased, whereas, IL-4, IL-10, and lubricin were significantly lower than in the other experimental groups. We hypothesize that MPA might partake in rescuing type B synoviocyte dysfunction at the early stages of OA, delaying the progression of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]],"date-time":"2019-01-25T11:30:00Z","timestamp":1548415800000},"page":"511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":161,"title":["Moderate Physical Activity as a Prevention Method for Knee Osteoarthritis and the Role of Synoviocytes as Biological Key"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5873-2456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Castrogiovanni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n\u00b087, 95124 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1837-9325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelino","family":"Di Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n\u00b087, 95124 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Ravalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n\u00b087, 95124 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7037-759X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Castorina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Guglielmino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n\u00b087, 95124 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4228-4163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"Imbesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n\u00b087, 95124 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Vecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 67, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Drago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, via S. 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Sofia n\u00b087, 95124 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"School of the Sport of the Italian National Olympic Committee \u201cCONI\u201d Sicily, Via Emanuele Notarbartolo, 90141 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-018-0127-2","article-title":"Quantifying the Effects of Different Treadmill Training Speeds and Durations on the Health of Rat Knee Joints","volume":"4","author":"Rios","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sport. Med. Open"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.5694\/mja18.00033","article-title":"Exercise: An essential evidence-based medicine","volume":"208","author":"Green","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. J. 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