{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T22:33:27Z","timestamp":1791844407837,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]],"date-time":"2019-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012818","name":"Comunidad de Madrid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S2013\/MAE\u20102882"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S2013\/MAE\u20102882"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTQ2013\u201044447\u2010R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTQ2013\u201044447\u2010R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hydrogen obtained from biomass derivatives is considered a promising alternative to fossil fuels. The aim of this work is to test the viability of Ni-M\/SBA-15 (M: Co, Cu, Cr) catalysts for the hydrogen production from bio-oil aqueous fraction reforming. Tests were performed in a fixed-bed reactor at 600 \u00b0C and atmospheric pressure. Firstly, the steam reforming (SR) of acetic acid, hydroxyacetone, furfural and phenol, as representative constituents of the bio-oil aqueous fraction, was carried out. Lower reactivity with increasing carbon number and decreasing steam-to-carbon ratio was observed. Coking rate during SR is a consequence of carbon number and aromaticity of the reactant, as well as the steam-to-carbon ratio. However, deactivation also depends on the graphitization degree of carbon filaments, higher in the case of coke formed from phenol. Then, the performance of the Ni-M\/SBA-15 catalysts was studied in the reforming of a bio-oil aqueous fraction surrogate containing the four model compounds. Ni-Co\/SBA-15 and Ni-Cr\/SBA-15 samples were the most active because Co also catalyze the steam reforming reactions and Cr promotes the formation of very small Ni crystallites accounting for high conversion and the low coke deposition (~8 times lower than Ni\/SBA-15) in the form of poorly condensed carbon filaments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]],"date-time":"2019-01-25T11:30:00Z","timestamp":1548415800000},"page":"512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Steam Reforming of Model Bio-Oil Aqueous Fraction Using Ni-(Cu, Co, Cr)\/SBA-15 Catalysts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Calles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical and environmental group, Rey Juan Carlos University, c\/ Tulip\u00e1n, s\/n, Mostoles 28933, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Carrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical and environmental group, Rey Juan Carlos University, c\/ Tulip\u00e1n, s\/n, Mostoles 28933, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8881-0678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo J.","family":"Vizca\u00edno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical and environmental group, Rey Juan Carlos University, c\/ Tulip\u00e1n, s\/n, Mostoles 28933, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lourdes","family":"Garc\u00eda-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical and environmental group, Rey Juan Carlos University, c\/ Tulip\u00e1n, s\/n, Mostoles 28933, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7218-1275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro J.","family":"Meg\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical and environmental group, Rey Juan Carlos University, c\/ Tulip\u00e1n, s\/n, Mostoles 28933, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1021\/ef901240p","article-title":"Forecasting world crude oil production using multicyclic Hubbert model","volume":"24","author":"Nashawi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2010.03.034","article-title":"Sustainable energy development: The present (2009) situation and possible paths to the future","volume":"35","author":"Lior","year":"2010","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2013.01.053","article-title":"An energy self-sufficient public building using integrated renewable sources and hydrogen storage","volume":"57","author":"Marino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2013.06.012","article-title":"Renewable fuels\u2013A comparative assessment from economic, energetic and ecological point-of-view up to 2050 in EU-countries","volume":"60","author":"Ajanovic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Renew. 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