{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T08:47:29Z","timestamp":1774946849554,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,26]],"date-time":"2019-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","award":["Korean Health Technology R&D Project. Grant No. HN15C0105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Korean Health Technology R&D Project. Grant No. HN15C0105"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003716","name":"Korea Basic Science Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Korea Basic Science Institute grant C38916"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Korea Basic Science Institute grant C38916"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003716","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pollution-induced skin damage results in oxidative stress; cellular toxicity; inflammation; and, ultimately, premature skin aging. Previous studies suggest that the activation of autophagy can protect oxidation-induced cellular damage and aging-like changes in skin. In order to develop new anti-pollution ingredients, this study screened various kinds of natural extracts to measure their autophagy activation efficacy in cultured dermal fibroblast. The stimulation of autophagy flux by the selected extracts was further confirmed both by the expression of proteins associated with the autophagy signals and by electron microscope. Crepidiastrum denticulatum (CD) extract treated cells showed the highest autophagic vacuole formation in the non-cytotoxic range. The phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK), but not the inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), was observed by CD-extract treatment. Its anti-pollution effects were further evaluated with model compounds, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and cadmium chloride (CdCl2), and a CD extract treatment resulted in both the protection of cytotoxicity and a reduction of proinflammatory cytokines. These results suggest that the autophagy activators can be a new protection regimen for anti-pollution. Therefore, CD extract can be used for anti-inflammatory and anti-pollution cosmetic ingredients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]],"date-time":"2019-01-29T03:40:55Z","timestamp":1548733255000},"page":"517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Autophagy Activation by Crepidiastrum Denticulatum Extract Attenuates Environmental Pollutant-Induced Damage in Dermal Fibroblasts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Seok Jeong","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"R&amp;D Center, Incospharm Corp, 328 Techno-2-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34036, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chae Jin","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&amp;D Center, Incospharm Corp, 328 Techno-2-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34036, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hwa-Jee","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&amp;D Center, Incospharm Corp, 328 Techno-2-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34036, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joo-Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang Hoon","family":"Huh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electron Microscopy Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28119, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keedon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&amp;D Center, Incospharm Corp, 328 Techno-2-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34036, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9201-0227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sekyoo","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&amp;D Center, Incospharm Corp, 328 Techno-2-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34036, Korea"},{"name":"School of Cosmetics, Seowon University, 377-3 Musimseo-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28674, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390903566617","article-title":"Cytokine release and cytotoxicity in human keratinocytes Induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (1-Methylpyrene and Perylene)","volume":"73","author":"Bahri","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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