{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T09:39:56Z","timestamp":1773049196868,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]],"date-time":"2019-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the  Committee on science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan","award":["\u2116AP05130612"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u2116AP05130612"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Natural killer (NK) cells have received a lot of attention in recent years for the roles they play in immunity and particularly in antitumor immune responses. Although defects in NK cell functions are recognized as important mechanisms for immune evasion of malignant cells, molecular pathways regulating NK cell dysfunction and exhaustion in cancer are largely unknown. Here we tested whether the c-myc proto-oncogene, known to promote cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, and apoptosis by regulating the expression of numerous target genes, may be involved in the mechanism of NK cell abnormalities in patients with lung and gastric cancer. Analysis of c-myc mRNA and protein expression in peripheral blood NK cells, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity, cell cycle, and cell longevity revealed a significantly decreased expression of c-myc mRNA and protein and mitotic arrest of NK cells in different phases of cell cycle. In addition, a significant decrease of NK cell death was also detected. These data allow the suggestion that defects of NK cell-mediated tumor surveillance may be associated with disturbed c-myc expression in NK cells in cancer patients. A better understanding of the mechanisms of NK cell dysfunction in cancer will help in the NK cell-mediated therapeutic eradication of primary and metastatic cancer cells and prolong patient survival. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]],"date-time":"2019-02-12T03:18:20Z","timestamp":1549941500000},"page":"756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Abnormal Expression of c-Myc Oncogene in NK Cells in Patients with Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7267-6312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gulnur K.","family":"Zakiryanova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Kustova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Scientific Center of Pediatric and Children Surgery, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nataliya T.","family":"Urazalieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Scientific Center of Pediatric and Children Surgery, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emile T.","family":"Baimuchametov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kazakh Research Institute of Oncology &amp; Radiology, Almaty 480072, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narymzhan N.","family":"Nakisbekov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Use Center, Atchabarov Scientific Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Medicine, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6570-7395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael R.","family":"Shurin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23304","article-title":"Correction of aberrant growth preserves tissue homeostasis","volume":"548","author":"Brown","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.04.014","article-title":"Innate Immune Landscape in Early Lung Adenocarcinoma by Paired Single-Cell Analyses","volume":"169","author":"Lavin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3945","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-2026","article-title":"Alterations in the Immune Cell Composition in Premalignant Breast Tissue that Precede Breast Cancer Development","volume":"23","author":"Degnim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. 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