{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T20:38:33Z","timestamp":1775507913686,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]],"date-time":"2019-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust - University of Edinburgh Institutional Strategic Support Fund","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"name":"University of Edinburgh Centre of Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology","award":["G0700704\/84698"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0700704\/84698"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A protocol for evaluating ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIO) uptake and elimination in cerebral small vessel disease patients was developed and piloted. B1-insensitive R1 measurement was evaluated in vitro. Twelve participants with history of minor stroke were scanned at 3-T MRI including structural imaging, and R1 and R2* mapping. Participants were scanned (i) before and (ii) after USPIO (ferumoxytol) infusion, and again at (iii) 24\u201330 h and (iv) one month. Absolute and blood-normalised changes in R1 and R2* were measured in white matter (WM), deep grey matter (GM), white matter hyperintensity (WMH) and stroke lesion regions. R1 measurements were accurate across a wide range of values. R1 (p &lt; 0.05) and R2* (p &lt; 0.01) mapping detected increases in relaxation rate in all tissues immediately post-USPIO and at 24\u201330 h. R2* returned to baseline at one month. Blood-normalised R1 and R2* changes post-infusion and at 24\u201330 h were similar, and were greater in GM versus WM (p &lt; 0.001). Narrower distributions were seen with R2* than for R1 mapping. R1 and R2* changes were correlated at 24\u201330 h (p &lt; 0.01). MRI relaxometry permits quantitative evaluation of USPIO uptake; R2* appears to be more sensitive to USPIO than R1. Our data are explained by intravascular uptake alone, yielding estimates of cerebral blood volume, and did not support parenchymal uptake. Ferumoxytol appears to be eliminated at 1 month. The approach should be valuable in future studies to quantify both blood-pool USPIO and parenchymal uptake associated with inflammatory cells or blood-brain barrier leak.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,13]],"date-time":"2019-02-13T02:49:44Z","timestamp":1550026184000},"page":"776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["MRI Relaxometry for Quantitative Analysis of USPIO Uptake in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7858-9917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Thrippleton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK"},{"name":"Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK"},{"name":"Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Valdes-Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK"},{"name":"Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK"},{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Glatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK"},{"name":"Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Semple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fergus","family":"Doubal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Vesey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK"},{"name":"Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Newby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Wardlaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK"},{"name":"Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK"},{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.004059","article-title":"Circulating inflammatory markers are associated with magnetic resonance imaging-visible perivascular spaces but not directly with white matter hyperintensities","volume":"45","author":"Aribisala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.09.006","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier failure as a core mechanism in cerebral small vessel disease and dementia: Evidence from a cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Wardlaw","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70152-2","article-title":"Microbleeds in cerebral small vessel disease\u2014Authors\u2019 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