{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:25:19Z","timestamp":1760955919704,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]],"date-time":"2019-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"&quot;Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development (Project No. PJ01329401)&quot; Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea","award":["Project No. PJ01329401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project No. PJ01329401"]}]},{"name":"the Bio &amp; Medical Technology Development Program of the NRF funded by the Korean government, MSIP","award":["NRF-2015M3A9B6066835"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2015M3A9B6066835"]}]},{"name":"Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT &amp;Future Planning","award":["NRF-2017R1A2B4009079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2017R1A2B4009079"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuronal death and reactive gliosis are major features of brain tissue damage following transient global cerebral ischemia (tgCI). This study investigated long-term changes in neuronal death and astrogliosis in the gerbil hippocampus for 180 days after 5 min of tgCI. A massive loss of pyramidal neurons was found in the hippocampal CA1 area (CA1) area between 5 and 30 days after tgCI by Fluoro-Jade B (FJB, a marker for neuronal degeneration) histofluorescence staining, but pyramidal neurons in the CA2\/3 area did not die. The reaction of astrocytes (astrogliosis) was examined by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry. Morphological change or degeneration (death) of the astrocytes was found in the CA1 area after tgCI, but, in the CA2\/3 area, astrogliosis was hardly shown. GFAP immunoreactive astrocytes in the CA1 area was significantly increased in number with time and peaked at 30 days after tgCI, and they began to be degenerated or dead from 40 days after tgCI. The effect was examined by double immunofluorescence staining for FJB and GFAP. The number of FJB\/GFAP+ cells (degenerating astrocytes) was gradually increased with time after tgCI. At 180 days after tgCI, FJB\/GFAP+ cells were significantly decreased, but FJB+ cells (dead astrocytes) were significantly increased. In brief, 5 min of tgCI induced a progressive degeneration of CA1 pyramidal neurons from 5 until 30 days with an increase of reactive astrocytes, and, thereafter, astrocytes were degenerated with time and dead at later times. This phenomenon might be shown due to the death of neurons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20040845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,17]],"date-time":"2019-02-17T22:11:50Z","timestamp":1550441510000},"page":"845","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Fate of Astrocytes in The Gerbil Hippocampus After Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Hyeyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungju Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, Chungcheongbuk 27376, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4715-1968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joon Ha","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myoung Cheol","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun Hwi","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tae-Kyeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyunjung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minah","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheol Woo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Eun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae-Chul","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sungwoo","family":"Ryoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8326-7768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Myeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dae Won","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangnung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0533-4638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In Koo","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soo Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7178-6501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moo-Ho","family":"Won","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji Hyeon","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00691853","article-title":"Selective vulnerability in the gerbil hippocampus following transient ischemia","volume":"62","author":"Kirino","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta 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