{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:46:51Z","timestamp":1787028411989,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]],"date-time":"2019-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pulmonary hypertension is an umbrella term including many different disorders causing an increase of the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) \u2265 25 mmHg. Recent data revealed a strong association between obesity and pulmonary hypertension. Adiponectin is a protein synthetized by the adipose tissue with pleiotropic effects on inflammation and cell proliferation, with a potential protective role on the pulmonary vasculature. Both in vivo and in vitro studies documented that adiponectin is an endogenous modulator of NO production and interferes with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-\u03ba\u03b2) signaling preventing endothelial dysfunction and proliferation. Furthermore, adiponectin ameliorates insulin resistance by mediating the biological effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR\u03b3). Therefore, adiponectin modulation emerged as a theoretical target for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension, currently under investigation. Recently, consistent data showed that hypoglycemic agents targeting PPAR\u03b3 as well as renin\u2013angiotensin system inhibitors and mineralocorticoid receptor blockers may influence pulmonary hemodynamics in different models of pulmonary hypertension.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20040912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]],"date-time":"2019-02-20T11:45:39Z","timestamp":1550663139000},"page":"912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Pulmonary Hypertension and Obesity: Focus on Adiponectin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7223-7037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Perrotta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Health Sciences \u201cVincenzo Tiberio\u201d, University of Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ersilia","family":"Nigro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK"},{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d\/Hosp. Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariano","family":"Mollica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d\/Hosp. Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Costigliola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d\/Hosp. Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vito","family":"D\u2019Agnano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Health Sciences \u201cVincenzo Tiberio\u201d, University of Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9085-9737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aurora","family":"Daniele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, Universit\u00e0 della Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 81100 Caserta, Italy"},{"name":"CEINGE-Biotecnologie avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Bianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d\/Hosp. Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Germano","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Health Sciences \u201cVincenzo Tiberio\u201d, University of Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.10.032","article-title":"Definitions and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"62","author":"Hoeper","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. 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