{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T05:36:34Z","timestamp":1790487394144,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]],"date-time":"2019-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over eighty million people in the United States have cardiovascular disease that can affect the heart causing myocardial infarction; the carotid arteries causing stroke; and the lower extremities leading to amputation. The treatment for end-stage cardiovascular disease is surgical\u2014either endovascular therapy with balloons and stents\u2014or open reconstruction to reestablish blood flow. All interventions damage or destroy the protective inner lining of the blood vessel\u2014the endothelium. An intact endothelium is essential to provide a protective; antithrombotic lining of a blood vessel. Currently; there are no agents used in the clinical setting that promote reendothelialization. This process requires migration of endothelial cells to the denuded vessel; proliferation of endothelial cells on the denuded vessel surface; and the reconstitution of the tight adherence junctions responsible for the formation of an impermeable surface. These processes are all regulated in part and are dependent on small GTPases. As important as the small GTPases are for reendothelialization, dysregulation of these molecules can result in various vascular pathologies including aneurysm formation, atherosclerosis, diabetes, angiogenesis, and hypertension. A better understanding of the role of small GTPases in endothelial cell migration is essential to the development for novel agents to treat vascular disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20040917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]],"date-time":"2019-02-20T11:45:39Z","timestamp":1550663139000},"page":"917","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Small GTPases and Their Role in Vascular Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Alison","family":"Flentje","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Suite S10B00, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richa","family":"Kalsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Suite S10B00, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas S.","family":"Monahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Suite S10B00, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2016 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association","volume":"133","author":"Mozaffarian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S1078-5884(05)80218-7","article-title":"Pathophysiology of vein graft failure: A review","volume":"9","author":"Davies","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. 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