{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:24:20Z","timestamp":1791890660182,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]],"date-time":"2019-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI Grant  from the Ministry of Education Science Sports and Culture in Japan","award":["15K08937"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15K08937"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Substantial improvements in cancer treatment have resulted in longer survival and increased quality of life in cancer survivors with minimized long-term toxicity. However, infertility and gonadal dysfunction continue to be recognized as adverse effects of anticancer therapy. In particular, alkylating agents and irradiation induce testicular damage that results in prolonged azoospermia. Although damage to and recovery of spermatogenesis after cancer treatment have been extensively studied, there is little information regarding the role of differences in testicular immunology in cancer treatment-induced male infertility. In this review, we briefly summarize available rodent and human data on immunological differences in chemotherapy or radiotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20040957","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]],"date-time":"2019-02-22T03:49:44Z","timestamp":1550807384000},"page":"957","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Effects of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy on Spermatogenesis: The Role of Testicular Immunology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5110-6719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Division of Basic Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Itoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kou","family":"Sakabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Division of Basic Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-198509000-00010","article-title":"Immune privilege in the testis. 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