{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T22:08:32Z","timestamp":1780697312118,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,24]],"date-time":"2019-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The cardioprotective effects of ginseng root extracts have been reported. However, nothing is known about the myocardial actions of the phenolic compounds enriched in ginseng berry. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effects of American ginseng berry extract (GBE) in an experimental model of myocardial infarction (MI). Coronary artery ligation was performed on Sprague\u2013Dawley male rats to induce MI after which animals were randomized into groups receiving either distilled water or GBE intragastrically for 8 weeks. Echocardiography and assays for malondialdehyde (MDA) and TNF-\u03b1 were conducted. Flow cytometry was used to test the effects of GBE on T cell phenotypes and cytokine production. Although GBE did not improve the cardiac functional parameters, it significantly attenuated oxidative stress in post-MI rat hearts. GBE treatment also resulted in lower than control levels of TNF-\u03b1 in post-MI rat hearts indicating a strong neutralizing effect of GBE on this cytokine. However, there was no effect of GBE on the proportion of different T cell subsets or ex-vivo cytokine production. Taken together, the present study demonstrates GBE reduces oxidative stress, however no effect on cardiac structure and function in post-MI rats. Moreover, reduction of TNF-\u03b1 levels below baseline raises concern regarding its use as prophylactic or preventive adjunct therapy in cardiovascular disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20040983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,25]],"date-time":"2019-02-25T03:06:52Z","timestamp":1551064012000},"page":"983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Ginseng Berry Extract Rich in Phenolic Compounds Attenuates Oxidative Stress but not Cardiac Remodeling post Myocardial Infarction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Mihir","family":"Parikh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E0J9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pema","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E0J9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada"},{"name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo-Ann","family":"Stebbing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada"},{"name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suvira","family":"Prashar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada"},{"name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Petkau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada"},{"name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8307-2760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paramjit","family":"Tappia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asper Clinical Research Institute &amp; 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