{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T05:20:22Z","timestamp":1769923222335,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]],"date-time":"2019-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007308","name":"Arthrex GmbH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No grant number available"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No grant number available"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007308","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Avascular meniscus tears show poor intrinsic regenerative potential. Thus, lesions within this area predispose the patient to developing knee osteoarthritis. Current research focuses on regenerative approaches using growth factors or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to enhance healing capacity within the avascular meniscus zone. The use of MSCs especially as progenitor cells and a source of growth factors has shown promising results. However, present studies use bone-marrow-derived BMSCs in a two-step procedure, which is limiting the transfer in clinical praxis. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate a one-step procedure using bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), containing BMSCs, for inducing the regeneration of avascular meniscus lesions. Longitudinal meniscus tears of 4 mm in size of the lateral New Zealand White rabbit meniscus were treated with clotted autologous PRP (platelet-rich plasma) or BMAC and a meniscus suture or a meniscus suture alone. Menisci were harvested at 6 and 12 weeks after initial surgery. Macroscopical and histological evaluation was performed according to an established Meniscus Scoring System. BMAC significantly enhanced regeneration of the meniscus lesions in a time-dependent manner and in comparison to the PRP and control groups, where no healing could be observed. Treatment of avascular meniscus lesions with BMAC and meniscus suturing seems to be a promising approach to promote meniscus regeneration in the avascular zone using a one-step procedure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20051120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]],"date-time":"2019-03-05T11:19:50Z","timestamp":1551784790000},"page":"1120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate for the Treatment of Avascular Meniscus Tears in a One-Step Procedure\u2014Evaluation of an In Vivo Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Matthias","family":"Koch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selma","family":"Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Fuellerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0459-9092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siegmund","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian G.","family":"Pfeifer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7647-3769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Girish","family":"Pattappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Loibl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Nerlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Angele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"},{"name":"Sporthopaedicum Regensburg\/Straubing, Hildegard-von-Bingen-Str. 1, 93053, Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Zellner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v5.i3.233","article-title":"Treatment of meniscal tears: An evidence based approach","volume":"5","author":"Mordecai","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2015.02.008","article-title":"Mechanobiology of the meniscus","volume":"48","author":"McNulty","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"HY47","article-title":"A novel hypothesis: The application of platelet-rich plasma can promote the clinical healing of white-white meniscal tears","volume":"18","author":"Wei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit. Int. Med. J. Exp. Clin. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-013-9165-z","article-title":"Augmentation techniques for isolated meniscal tears","volume":"6","author":"Taylor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Rev. Musculoskelet. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4717184","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4717184","article-title":"Cell-Based Strategies for Meniscus Tissue Engineering","volume":"2016","author":"Niu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Achatz, F., Kujat, R., Pfeifer, C., Koch, M., Nerlich, M., Angele, P., and Zellner, J. (2016). In Vitro Testing of Scaffolds for Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Meniscus Tissue Engineering\u2014Introducing a New Biocompatibility Scoring System. Materials, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma9040276"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.5792\/ksrr.2014.26.2.68","article-title":"Meniscal repair","volume":"26","author":"Yoon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3138409","article-title":"In-vitro measurement of static pressure distribution in synovial joints--Part I: Tibial surface of the knee","volume":"105","author":"Ahmed","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2010.08.016","article-title":"Does arthroscopic partial meniscectomy result in knee osteoarthritis? A systematic review with a minimum of 8 years\u2019 follow-up","volume":"27","author":"Petty","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthrosc. J. Arthrosc. Relat. Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-012-1624-2","article-title":"Meniscus reconstruction: Today\u2019s achievements and premises for the future","volume":"133","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"160","article-title":"The meniscus: Review of basic principles with application to surgery and rehabilitation","volume":"36","author":"Brindle","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Athlet.Train."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8207071","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8207071","article-title":"Tissue Engineering of Large Full-Size Meniscus Defects by a Polyurethane Scaffold: Accelerated Regeneration by Mesenchymal Stromal Cells","volume":"2018","author":"Koch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-012-1682-7","article-title":"Synthetic meniscus replacement: A review","volume":"37","author":"Vrancken","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2017.04.016","article-title":"Meniscal repair: Technique","volume":"104","author":"Beaufils","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515591260","article-title":"Meniscus suture repair: Minimum 10-year outcomes in patients younger than 40 years compared with patients 40 and older","volume":"43","author":"Steadman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koch, M., Ehrenreich, T., Koehl, G., Pattappa, G., Pfeifer, C., Loibl, M., Muller, M., Nerlich, M., Angele, P., and Zellner, J. (2017). Do cell based Tissue Engineering products for meniscus regeneration influence vascularization?. Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc.","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-17085"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2005.04.010","article-title":"Locally applied angiogenic factors\u2014A new therapeutic tool for meniscal repair","volume":"187","author":"Petersen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Anat."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s40634-014-0012-y","article-title":"Role of mesenchymal stem cells in meniscal repair","volume":"1","author":"Angele","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Exp. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angele, P., Johnstone, B., Kujat, R., Zellner, J., Nerlich, M., and Goldberg, V. (2008). Stem cell based tissue engineering for meniscus repair. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A, 85.","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.31480"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.32922","article-title":"Stem cell-based tissue-engineering for treatment of meniscal tears in the avascular zone","volume":"101","author":"Zellner","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Materials Res. Part B Appl. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.32796","article-title":"Role of mesenchymal stem cells in tissue engineering of meniscus","volume":"94","author":"Zellner","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537686","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/537686","article-title":"Are applied growth factors able to mimic the positive effects of mesenchymal stem cells on the regeneration of meniscus in the avascular zone?","volume":"2014","author":"Zellner","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Korpershoek, J.V., de Windt, T.S., Hagmeijer, M.H., Vonk, L.A., and Saris, D.B. (2017). Cell-Based Meniscus Repair and Regeneration: At the Brink of Clinical Translation? A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies. Orthop. J. Sports Med., 5.","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967117690131"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eats.2016.01.029","article-title":"Fibrin Scaffold as a Carrier for Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Growth Factors in Shoulder Rotator Cuff Repair","volume":"5","author":"Voss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthrosc. Tech."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2016.09.006","article-title":"Assessment of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Bone Marrow Aspirate From Human Calcaneus","volume":"56","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Foot Ankle Surg."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dragoo, J.L., and DeBaun, M.R. (2017). Stem Cell Yield after Bone Marrow Concentration. Orthop. J. Sports Med., 5.","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967117S00445"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"6659","article-title":"The Basic Science of Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate in Chondral Injuries","volume":"8","author":"Holton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orthop. Rev."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1080\/17453674.2017.1368899","article-title":"Biological treatment of the knee with platelet-rich plasma or bone marrow aspirate concentrates","volume":"88","author":"Moatshe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Orthop."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603514563597","article-title":"Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation versus Multipotent Stem Cells for the Treatment of Large Patellofemoral Chondral Lesions: A Nonrandomized Prospective Trial","volume":"6","author":"Gobbi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20886","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells as trophic mediators","volume":"98","author":"Caplan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.2217\/rme.09.74","article-title":"Stem cell paracrine actions and tissue regeneration","volume":"5","author":"Baraniak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Regen. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-015-0077-2","article-title":"Meniscus repair using mesenchymal stem cells\u2014A comprehensive review","volume":"6","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2147\/OAJSM.S113018","article-title":"Potential use of mesenchymal stem cells in human meniscal repair: Current insights","volume":"8","author":"Pak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Access J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.2003.03931.x","article-title":"Stem cell-derived angiogenic\/vasculogenic cells: Possible therapies for tissue repair and tissue engineering","volume":"30","author":"Zwaginga","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.10.014","article-title":"Mobilizing of haematopoietic stem cells to ischemic myocardium by plasmid mediated stromal-cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha) treatment","volume":"125","author":"Tang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Regul. Pept."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2003.09.005","article-title":"Autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation induce VEGF and neovascularization in ischemic myocardium","volume":"117","author":"Tang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Regul. Pept."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3464","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11365","article-title":"Stem cell therapy in a caprine model of osteoarthritis","volume":"48","author":"Murphy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-017-0678-z","article-title":"Autologous mesenchymal stem cells or meniscal cells: What is the best cell source for regenerative meniscus treatment in an early osteoarthritis situation?","volume":"8","author":"Zellner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.06.002","article-title":"Intra-articular injection of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promote rat meniscal regeneration by being activated to express Indian hedgehog that enhances expression of type II collagen","volume":"20","author":"Horie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orthres.2004.06.016","article-title":"Spatial organization of types I and II collagen in the canine meniscus","volume":"23","author":"Kambic","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.06.037","article-title":"The knee meniscus: Structure-function, pathophysiology, current repair techniques, and prospects for regeneration","volume":"32","author":"Makris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.16-0199","article-title":"Repair of Torn Avascular Meniscal Cartilage Using Undifferentiated Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells: From In Vitro Optimization to a First-in-Human Study","volume":"6","author":"Whitehouse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chahla, J., Dean, C.S., Moatshe, G., Pascual-Garrido, C., Serra Cruz, R., and LaPrade, R.F. (2016). Concentrated Bone Marrow Aspirate for the Treatment of Chondral Injuries and Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Systematic Review of Outcomes. Orthop. J. Sports Med., 4.","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967115625481"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.2006.0193","article-title":"The regenerative effects of platelet-rich plasma on meniscal cells in vitro and its in vivo application with biodegradable gelatin hydrogel","volume":"13","author":"Ishida","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tissue Eng."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890630","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/890630","article-title":"Platelet rich plasma and knee surgery","volume":"2014","author":"Sanchez","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9315815","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9315815","article-title":"A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating Meniscal Healing, Clinical Outcomes, and Safety in Patients Undergoing Meniscal Repair of Unstable, Complete Vertical Meniscal Tears (Bucket Handle) Augmented with Platelet-Rich Plasma","volume":"2018","author":"Kaminski","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3417-3","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma for open meniscal repair in young patients: Any benefit?","volume":"23","author":"Pujol","year":"2015","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179756","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/179756","article-title":"Effect of Leukocyte-Rich and Platelet-Rich Plasma on Healing of a Horizontal Medial Meniscus Tear in a Rabbit Model","volume":"2015","author":"Shin","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, H.R., Shon, O.J., Park, S.I., Kim, H.J., Kim, S., Ahn, M.W., and Do, S.H. (2016). Platelet-Rich Plasma Increases the Levels of Catabolic Molecules and Cellular Dedifferentiation in the Meniscus of a Rabbit Model. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17010120"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-015-4170-8","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma in meniscal repair: Does augmentation improve surgical outcomes?","volume":"473","author":"Griffin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2008.0534","article-title":"Buffered platelet-rich plasma enhances mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation","volume":"15","author":"Mishra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part C Methods"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3095","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(03)00114-5","article-title":"Platelet-derived growth factors enhance proliferation of human stromal stem cells","volume":"24","author":"Lucarelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2015.09.004","article-title":"Combined platelet and plasma derivatives enhance proliferation of stem\/progenitor cells maintaining their differentiation potential","volume":"17","author":"Muraglia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2714","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2015.0159","article-title":"The Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Cell Proliferation and Adipogenic Potential of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells","volume":"21","author":"Liao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181882046","article-title":"Proliferation-promoting effect of platelet-rich plasma on human adipose-derived stem cells and human dermal fibroblasts","volume":"122","author":"Kakudo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2014.08.010","article-title":"Human migratory meniscus progenitor cells are controlled via the TGF-beta pathway","volume":"3","author":"Muhammad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"S283","article-title":"Induction of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation to a Meniscus Cell Phenotype by a Combination of Mohawk Transcription Factor and TGF-\u00df For Meniscus Repair and Regeneration","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"165","article-title":"Autologous bone marrow concentrate combined with platelet-rich plasma enhance bone allograft potential to induce spinal fusion","volume":"30","author":"Vadala","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3789","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-3548-3","article-title":"Bone marrow aspirate concentrate and platelet-rich plasma enhanced bone healing in distraction osteogenesis of the tibia","volume":"472","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/20\/5\/1120\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:36:22Z","timestamp":1760186182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/20\/5\/1120"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms20051120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20051120","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]]}}}