{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T16:37:30Z","timestamp":1776789450935,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,16]],"date-time":"2019-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is an oral precancerous condition associated with the habit of areca nut chewing and the TGF-\u03b2 pathway. Currently, there is no curative treatment to completely heal OSF, and it is imperative to alleviate patients\u2019 symptoms and prevent it from undergoing malignant transformation. Arctigenin, a lignan extracted from Arctium lappa, has been reported to have a variety of pharmacological activities, including anti-fibrosis. In the present study, we examined the effect of arctigenin on the cell proliferation of buccal mucosal fibroblasts (BMFs) and fibrotic BMFs (fBMFs), followed by assessment of myofibroblast activities. We found that arctigenin was able to abolish the arecoline-induced collagen gel contractility, migration, invasion, and wound healing capacities of BMFs and downregulate the myofibroblast characteristics of fBMFs in a dose-dependent manner. Most importantly, the production of TGF-\u03b2 in fBMFs was reduced after exposure to arctigenin, along with the suppression of p-Smad2, \u03b1-smooth muscle actin, and type I collagen A1. In addition, arctigenin was shown to diminish the expression of LINC00974, which has been proven to activate TGF-\u03b2\/Smad signaling for oral fibrogenesis. Taken together, we demonstrated that arctigenin may act as a suitable adjunct therapy for OSF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20061328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T12:18:53Z","timestamp":1552911533000},"page":"1328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Arctigenin Reduces Myofibroblast Activities in Oral Submucous Fibrosis by LINC00974 Inhibition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ching-Yeh","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3256-2641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pei-Ling","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Wen","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Yu","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Chia","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming-Yi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2007.00582.x","article-title":"Nomenclature and classification of potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa","volume":"36","author":"Warnakulasuriya","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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