{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T01:04:14Z","timestamp":1787792654526,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]],"date-time":"2019-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005417","name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["06G77"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["06G77"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005417","name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["04E02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["04E02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIE00000078-ITB-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIE00000078-ITB-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The transient response of magnetorheological (MR) materials, in general, is very important for design consideration in MR-based devices. Better response to magnetic fields is beneficial for a better response rate to the electrical current applied in the electromagnetic coil. As a result, MR-based devices would have a high response to external stimuli. In this work, the principal characteristics of magnetorheological greases (MRGs) which have two different particle shapes are experimentally investigated. One type of particle distributed in the grease medium is conventional spherical-shaped carbonyl iron (CI) particles, while the other is plate-like CI particles made using a high-energy rotary ball mill from spherical CI particles. A set of bidisperse MRG samples are firstly prepared by adjusting the weight percentage of the plate-like CI particles and mixing with the spherical CI particles. Subsequently, three important properties of MRGs in terms of their practical application are measured and compared between the two different particle shapes. The field-dependent apparent viscoelastic properties of the prepared MRG samples are measured, followed by the field-dependent storage and loss moduli using an oscillatory shear rheometer. In addition, the transient response time, which indicates the speed in the actuating period of MRGs, is measured by changing the strain amplitude. Then, a comparative assessment on the three properties are undertaken between two different particle shapes by presenting the corresponding results in the same plot. It is shown that the bidisperse MRG with plate-like CI particles exhibits an increase in the initial apparent viscosity as well as stiffness property compared to the MRG with spherical particles only.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20071525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]],"date-time":"2019-03-29T03:38:52Z","timestamp":1553830732000},"page":"1525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The Effect of Particle Shapes on the Field-Dependent Rheological Properties of Magnetorheological Greases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3113-6598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norzilawati","family":"Mohamad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7190-5849","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Ubaidillah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Kentingan, Surakarta, 57126 Central Java, Surakarta, Indonesia"},{"name":"National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, 40132 Bandung, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0096-8877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saiful Amri","family":"Mazlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-bok","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Smart Structures and Systems Laboratory, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4889-4512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siti Aishah","family":"Abdul Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masataka","family":"Sugimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2014.09.020","article-title":"A review on the magnetorheological fluid preparation and stabilization","volume":"374","author":"Ashtiani","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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