{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T03:26:41Z","timestamp":1773286001224,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]],"date-time":"2019-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"DMRDP","award":["D61_I_10_J7_66"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D61_I_10_J7_66"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment plays a crucial role in the maintenance and regeneration of hematopoietic stem (HSC) and progenitor cells (HSPC). In particular, the vascular niche is responsible for regulating HSC maintenance, differentiation, and migration of cells in and out of the BM. Damage to this niche upon exposure to ionizing radiation, whether accidental or as a result of therapy, can contribute to delays in HSC recovery and\/or function. The ability of BM derived-endothelial cells (BMEC) to alter and\/or protect HSPC after exposure to ionizing radiation was investigated. Our data show that exposure of BMEC to ionizing radiation resulted in alterations in Akt signaling, increased expression of PARP-1, IL6, and MCP-1, and decreased expression of MMP1 and MMP9. In addition, global analysis of gene expression of HSC and BMEC in response to mixed neutron\/gamma field (MF) radiation identified 60 genes whose expression was altered after radiation in both cell types, suggesting that a subset of genes is commonly affected by this type of radiation. Focused gene analysis by RT-PCR revealed two categories of BMEC alterations: (a) a subset of genes whose expression was altered in response to radiation, with no additional effect observed during coculture with HSPC, and (b) a subset of genes upregulated in response to radiation, and altered when cocultured with HSPC. Coculture of BMEC with CD34+ HSPC induced HSPC proliferation, and improved BM function after MF radiation. Nonirradiated HSPC exhibited reduced CD34 expression over time, but when irradiated, they maintained higher CD34 expression. Nonirradiated HSPC cocultured with nonirradiated BMEC expressed lower levels of CD34 expression compared to nonirradiated alone. These data characterize the role of each cell type in response to MF radiation and demonstrate the interdependence of each cell\u2019s response to ionizing radiation. The identified genes modulated by radiation and coculture provide guidance for future experiments to test hypotheses concerning specific factors mediating the beneficial effects of BMEC on HSPC. This information will prove useful in the search for medical countermeasures to radiation-induced hematopoietic injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20071795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]],"date-time":"2019-04-12T03:46:37Z","timestamp":1555040797000},"page":"1795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Bone Marrow Endothelial Cells Influence Function and Phenotype of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells after Mixed Neutron\/Gamma Radiation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Lynnette","family":"Cary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Noutai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Walter Reed National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rudolph","family":"Salber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Opeyemi","family":"Fadiyimu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Navy Medicine Training Support Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Osteopathic Medicine, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 24502, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6715-865X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graca","family":"Almeida-Porada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yared","family":"Kidane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KBRwyle, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Whitnall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"746","article-title":"The role of the spleen in radiation injury and recovery","volume":"35","author":"Jacobson","year":"1950","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"197","article-title":"Modification of irradiation injury in mice and guinea pigs by bone marrow injections","volume":"12","author":"Lorenz","year":"1951","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1296","article-title":"Survival of spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S) of irradiated bone marrow cells in mice: Evidence for the existence of a radioresistant subfraction","volume":"23","author":"Inoue","year":"1995","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.2307\/3577994","article-title":"Radiation sensitivity of the hemopoietic stem cell","volume":"128","year":"1991","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.5493\/wjem.v2.i3.37","article-title":"Potential for a pluripotent adult stem cell treatment for acute radiation sickness","volume":"2","author":"Rodgerson","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12342","article-title":"Rescue from lethal acute radiation syndrome (ARS) with severe weight loss by secretome of intramuscularly injected human placental stromal cells","volume":"9","author":"Pinzur","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2013.10.013","article-title":"Optimizing autologous stem cell mobilization strategies to improve patient outcomes: Consensus guidelines and recommendations","volume":"20","author":"Giralt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arora, S., Majhail, N.S., and Liu, H. (2018). Hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization for autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma in contemporary era. Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk., in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2018.12.010"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00470","article-title":"Milestones of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation\u2014From First Human Studies to Current Developments","volume":"7","author":"Juric","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2012.03.011","article-title":"Role of radiation-induced granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in recovery from whole body gamma-irradiation","volume":"58","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-943-3_1","article-title":"Mobilization of hematopoietic stem\/progenitor cells: General principles and molecular mechanisms","volume":"904","author":"Bonig","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5635","article-title":"Hematopoietic stem cell injury induced by ionizing radiation","volume":"20","author":"Shao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2012.12.034","article-title":"Mobilization of progenitor cells into peripheral blood by gamma-tocotrienol: A promising radiation countermeasure","volume":"15","author":"Ray","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3109\/09553000903264515","article-title":"Alpha-tocopherol succinate protects mice from gamma-radiation by induction of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor","volume":"86","author":"Singh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Biol."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"(2019, March 30). Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/emergencypreparedness\/counterterrorism\/medicalcountermeasures\/aboutmcmi\/ucm443245.htm."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02041","article-title":"Identification of the haematopoietic stem cell niche and control of the niche size","volume":"425","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07639","article-title":"Detection of functional haematopoietic stem cell niche using real-time imaging","volume":"457","author":"Xie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3733","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02568","article-title":"The journey of developing hematopoietic stem cells","volume":"133","author":"Mikkola","year":"2006","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270425","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/270425","article-title":"Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development, Niches, and Signaling Pathways","volume":"2012","author":"Chotinantakul","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1159\/000477262","article-title":"Current Developments in Mobilization of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells and Their Interaction with Niches in Bone Marrow","volume":"44","author":"Richter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transfus. Med. Hemother."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2007.06.001","article-title":"Lack of evidence that hematopoietic stem cells depend on N-cadherin-mediated adhesion to osteoblasts for their maintenance","volume":"1","author":"Kiel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.05.026","article-title":"SLAM family receptors distinguish hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and reveal endothelial niches for stem cells","volume":"121","author":"Kiel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1177\/153303460500400208","article-title":"Radiation-enhanced endostatin gene expression and effects of combination treatment","volume":"4","author":"Luo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Technol. Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2885","DOI":"10.1161\/hc2401.092816","article-title":"Increase in circulating endothelial progenitor cells by statin therapy in patients with stable coronary artery disease","volume":"103","author":"Vasa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09262","article-title":"Mesenchymal and haematopoietic stem cells form a unique bone marrow niche","volume":"466","author":"Michurina","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2005.12.039","article-title":"Vascular endothelial cells produce soluble factors that mediate the recovery of human hematopoietic stem cells after radiation injury","volume":"12","author":"Muramoto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2119","article-title":"Pleiotrophin regulates the expansion and regeneration of hematopoietic stem cells","volume":"16","author":"Himburg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3070","article-title":"Epidermal growthfactor regulates hematopoietic regeneration after radiation injury","volume":"19","author":"Doan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2008.93","article-title":"Cytosolic phospholipase A2 regulates viability of irradiated vascular endothelium","volume":"15","author":"Yazlovitskaya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"4671","article-title":"Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase\/Akt Signaling in the response of vascular endothelium to ionizing radiation","volume":"62","author":"Edwards","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.08.034","article-title":"Radiation-induced interleukin-6 expression through MAPK\/p38\/NF-kappaB signaling pathway and the resultant antiapoptotic effect on endothelial cells through Mcl-1 expression with sIL6-Ralpha","volume":"75","author":"Chou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2011.03.011","article-title":"Suppression of uPA and uPAR blocks radiation-induced MCP-1 mediated recruitment of endothelial cells in meningioma","volume":"23","author":"Nalla","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0215(20001201)88:5<766::AID-IJC13>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Effects of radiation on the levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 during morphogenic glial-endothelial cell interactions","volume":"88","author":"Nirmala","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1005-1027","article-title":"Stem cells, asymmetric division and cancer","volume":"37","author":"Clevers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2728","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-02-0663","article-title":"Mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells in healthy volunteers by AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist","volume":"102","author":"Liles","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200113152","article-title":"HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) increase endothelial progenitor cells via the PI 3-kinase\/Akt pathway","volume":"108","author":"Dimmeler","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200113131","article-title":"HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor mobilizes bone marrow\u2014derived endothelial progenitor cells","volume":"108","author":"Llevadot","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2014.08.003","article-title":"Colony-stimulating factors for the treatment of the hematopoietic component of the acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS): A review","volume":"71","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1358\/dot.2015.51.9.2386730","article-title":"Filgrastim for the treatment of hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome","volume":"51","author":"Farese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drugs Tooday"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2009.183","article-title":"Charged particles in radiation oncology","volume":"7","author":"Durante","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2015.00250","article-title":"Impact of charged particle exposure on homologous DNA double-strand break repair in human blood-derived cells","volume":"5","author":"Rall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2014.02.006","article-title":"Mitochondria regulate DNA damage and genomic instability induced by high LET radiation","volume":"1","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Life Sci. Space Res."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"93","article-title":"Increased vesicular and vacuolar transendothelial transport in traumatic human brain oedema. A review","volume":"51","year":"2013","journal-title":"Folia Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1998.01119.x","article-title":"Characterization of the response of human bone marrow endothelial cells to in vitro irradiation","volume":"103","author":"Gaugler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"147","article-title":"Differences in irradiated lung gene transcription between fibrosis-prone C57BL\/6NHsd and fibrosis-resistant C3H\/HeNHsd mice","volume":"28","author":"Kalash","year":"2014","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2012.08.002","article-title":"Local heart irradiation of ApoE(\u2212\/\u2212) mice induces microvascular and endocardial damage and accelerates coronary atherosclerosis","volume":"105","author":"Gabriels","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"449","article-title":"Increased hematopoiesis in long-term bone marrow cultures and reduced irradiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis in Von Willebrand factor homologous deletion recombinant mice","volume":"28","author":"Rhieu","year":"2014","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00029.2013","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase-9: many shades of function in cardiovascular disease","volume":"28","author":"Yabluchanskiy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-01-478073","article-title":"Interleukin-7 is produced by afferent lymphatic vessels and supports lymphatic drainage","volume":"122","author":"Iolyeva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mazzucchelli, R., Warming, S., Lawrence, S., Ishii, M., Abshari, M., Washington, A., Feigenbaum, L., Warner, A., Sims, D., and Li, W. (2009). Visualization and identification of IL-7 producing cells in reporter mice. PLoS ONE, 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007637"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxt012","article-title":"IL-7 production in murine lymphatic endothelial cells and induction in the setting of peripheral lymphopenia","volume":"25","author":"Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10267","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160510267","article-title":"Mechanism of action of IL-7 and its potential applications and limitations in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1667\/RR1182.1","article-title":"Predominant regeneration of B-cell lineage, instead of myeloid lineage, of the bone marrow after 1 Gy whole-body irradiation in mice: Role of differential cytokine expression between B-cell stimulation by IL10, Flt3 ligand and IL7 and myeloid suppression by GM-CSF and SCF","volume":"170","author":"Tsuboi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2011.01.005","article-title":"Differential expression of immune-associated cancer regulatory genes in low-versus high-dose-rate irradiated AKR\/J mice","volume":"97","author":"Shin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22781","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M201469200","article-title":"Bcl-2 family member Bfl-1\/A1 sequesters truncated bid to inhibit is collaboration with pro-apoptotic Bak or Bax","volume":"277","author":"Werner","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.9.10.7542214","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation of endothelial cell adhesion molecules: NF-kappa B and cytokine-inducible enhancers","volume":"9","author":"Collins","year":"1995","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1667\/RR0780.1","article-title":"Low-dose ionizing radiation stimulates transcription and production of endothelin by human vein endothelial cells","volume":"68","author":"Lanza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1667\/0033-7587(2000)154[0073:AOTNOS]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Activation of the nitric oxide synthase 2 pathway in the response of bone marrow stromal cells to high doses of ionizing radiation","volume":"154","author":"Gorbunov","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrt066","article-title":"Involvement of inducible nitric oxide synthase in radiation-induced vascular endothelial damage","volume":"54","author":"Hong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Radiat. Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-121808-102144","article-title":"The senescence-associated secretory phenotype: the dark side of tumor suppression","volume":"5","author":"Desprez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2188","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1121357109","article-title":"EBV LMP1: New and shared pathways to NF-\u03baB activation","volume":"109","author":"Lavorgn","year":"2012","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1120542109","article-title":"Genome-wide siRNA screen for mediators of NF-\u03baB activation","volume":"109","author":"Gewurz","year":"2012","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.203","article-title":"UVB Induces HIF-1-dependent TSLP expression via the JNK and ERK pathways","volume":"133","author":"Jang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"433","article-title":"Soluble factors from bone marrow endothelial cells regulate differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic and endothelial lineages and embryonic stem cells","volume":"65","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/term.226","article-title":"Dynamic cell-cell interactions between cord blood haematopoietic progenitors and the cellular niche are essential for the expansion of CD34(+), CD34(+)CD38(\u2212) and early lymphoid CD7(+) cells","volume":"4","author":"Andrade","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(96)80012-6","article-title":"Isolation, characterization, and biologic features of bone marrow endothelial cells","volume":"128","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48846","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.16455","article-title":"Hematopoietic stem\/progenitor cells are less prone to undergo apoptosis than lymphocytes despite similar DNA damage response","volume":"8","author":"Durdik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"(1977). Neutron Dosimetry for Biology and Medicine, International Commission on Radiological Units and Measurements. ICRU Report No. 26."},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"(1980). Protocol for Neutron Beam Dosimetry, American Institute of Physics. AAPM REPORT No. 7."},{"key":"ref_70","unstructured":"(1985). A Practical Guide to Ionization Chamber Dosimetry at the AFRRI Reactor, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute. Available online: http:\/\/www.dtic.mil\/docs\/citations\/ADA155185."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2202\/1544-6115.1027","article-title":"Linear models and empirical bayes methods for assessing differential expression in microarray experiments","volume":"3","author":"Smyth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stat. Appl. Genet. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv007","article-title":"Limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies","volume":"43","author":"Ritchie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_73","unstructured":"Chunlei, W., Mark, A., and Su, A. (2019, March 30). MyGene.info: Gene Annotation Query as a Service. Available online: http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/content\/biorxiv\/early\/2014\/09\/17\/009332.full.pdf."},{"key":"ref_74","unstructured":"Oliveros, J. (2019, March 30). VENNY. An Interactive Tool for Comparing Lists with Venn Diagrams. Available online: http:\/\/bioinfogp.cnb.csic.es\/tools\/venny\/index.html2github.com\/benfred\/venn.js."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/20\/7\/1795\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:44:37Z","timestamp":1760186677000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/20\/7\/1795"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms20071795"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20071795","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]]}}}