{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:15:14Z","timestamp":1790705714953,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":252,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]],"date-time":"2019-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The granted European patent EP 2 561 890 describes a procedure for an immunological treatment of cancer. It is based on the principles of the HLA-supported communication of implantation and pregnancy. These principles ensure that the embryo is not rejected by the mother. In pregnancy, the placenta, more specifically the trophoblast, creates an \u201cinterface\u201d between the embryo\/fetus and the maternal immune system. Trophoblasts do not express the \u201coriginal\u201d HLA identification of the embryo\/fetus (HLA-A to -DQ), but instead show the non-classical HLA groups E, F, and G. During interaction with specific receptors of NK cells (e.g., killer-immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR)) and lymphocytes (lymphocyte-immunoglobulin-like receptors (LIL-R)), the non-classical HLA groups inhibit these immunocompetent cells outside pregnancy. However, tumors are known to be able to express these non-classical HLA groups and thus make use of an immuno-communication as in pregnancies. If this occurs, the prognosis usually worsens. This patent describes, in a first step, the profiling of the non-classical HLA groups in primary tumor tissue as well as metastases and recurrent tumors. The second step comprises tailored antibody therapies, which is the subject of this patent. In this review, we analyze the underlying mechanisms and describe the currently known differences between HLA-supported communication of implantation and that of tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20081830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]],"date-time":"2019-04-15T11:15:58Z","timestamp":1555326958000},"page":"1830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["European Patent in Immunoncology: From Immunological Principles of Implantation to Cancer Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Franziska M.","family":"W\u00fcrfel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"STRATIFYER Molecular Pathology GmbH, D-50935 Cologne, Werthmannstrasse 1c, 50935 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Winterhalter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INTELLEXON GmbH, Keltenstrasse 27, 82343 P\u00f6cking, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Trenkwalder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INTELLEXON GmbH, Keltenstrasse 27, 82343 P\u00f6cking, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph M.","family":"Wirtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STRATIFYER Molecular Pathology GmbH, D-50935 Cologne, Werthmannstrasse 1c, 50935 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"W\u00fcrfel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INTELLEXON GmbH, Keltenstrasse 27, 82343 P\u00f6cking, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1016235","article-title":"Embryo implantation and tumor metastasis: Common pathways of invasion and angiogenesis","volume":"17","author":"Murray","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin. 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