{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:37:56Z","timestamp":1760240276235,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014069","name":"Champalimaud Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["n.a."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n.a."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Immune responses to human cytomegalovirus (CMV) can be used to assess immune fitness in an individual. Further to its clinical significance in posttransplantation settings, emerging clinical and translational studies provide examples of immune correlates of protection pertaining to anti-CMV immune responses in the context of cancer or infectious diseases, e.g., tuberculosis. In this viewpoint, we provide a brief overview about CMV-directed immune reactivity and immune fitness in a clinical context and incorporate some of our own findings obtained from peripheral blood or tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from patients with advanced cancer. Observations in patients with solid cancers whose lesions contain both CMV and tumour antigen-specific T-cell subsets are highlighted, due to a possible CMV-associated \u201cbystander\u201d effect in amplifying local inflammation and subsequent tumour rejection. The role of tumour-associated antibodies recognising diverse CMV-derived epitopes is also discussed in light of anti-cancer immune responses. We discuss here the use of anti-CMV immune responses as a theranostic tool\u2014combining immunodiagnostics with a personalised therapeutic potential\u2014to improve treatment outcomes in oncological indications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20081986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]],"date-time":"2019-04-24T03:14:28Z","timestamp":1556075668000},"page":"1986","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Clinically Relevant Immune Responses against Cytomegalovirus: Implications for Precision Medicine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9874-5259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana R.","family":"L\u00e9rias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Bras\u00edlia, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Paraschoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Bras\u00edlia, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Bras\u00edlia, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Bras\u00edlia, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6582-7365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Bras\u00edlia, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Conde\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Bras\u00edlia, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5582-0933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Bras\u00edlia, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Bras\u00edlia, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9886-0126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernest","family":"Dodoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Haematology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Steinbacher Hohl 2-26, 60488 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6734-986X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elke","family":"J\u00e4ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Haematology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Steinbacher Hohl 2-26, 60488 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0579-1097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Bras\u00edlia, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Maeurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Bras\u00edlia, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Oncology and Haematology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Steinbacher Hohl 2-26, 60488 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-017-9982-x","article-title":"A constant companion: Immune recognition and response to cytomegalovirus with aging and implications for immune fitness","volume":"39","author":"Souquette","year":"2017","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002191","article-title":"The Third International Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Cytomegalovirus in Solid-organ Transplantation","volume":"102","author":"Kotton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2018016493","article-title":"Antiviral prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus infection in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2018.02.002","article-title":"Congenital cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"42","author":"Fowler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin. 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