{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:44:52Z","timestamp":1790873092143,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which differs anatomically and biochemically from hyaline cartilage-covered joints, is an under-recognized joint in arthritic disease, even though TMJ damage can have deleterious effects on physical appearance, pain and function. Here, we analyzed the effect of IL-1\u03b2, a cytokine highly expressed in arthritic joints, on TMJ fibrocartilage-derived cells, and we investigated the modulatory effect of mechanical loading on IL-1\u03b2-induced expression of catabolic enzymes. TMJ cartilage degradation was analyzed in 8\u201311-week-old mice deficient for IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA\u2212\/\u2212) and wild-type controls. Cells were isolated from the juvenile porcine condyle, fossa, and disc, grown in agarose gels, and subjected to IL-1\u03b2 (0.1\u201310 ng\/mL) for 6 or 24 h. Expression of catabolic enzymes (ADAMTS and MMPs) was quantified by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Porcine condylar cells were stimulated with IL-1\u03b2 for 12 h with IL-1\u03b2, followed by 8 h of 6% dynamic mechanical (tensile) strain, and gene expression of MMPs was quantified. Early signs of condylar cartilage damage were apparent in IL-1RA\u2212\/\u2212 mice. In porcine cells, IL-1\u03b2 strongly increased expression of the aggrecanases ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 by fibrochondrocytes from the fossa (13-fold and 7-fold) and enhanced the number of MMP-13 protein-expressing condylar cells (8-fold). Mechanical loading significantly lowered (3-fold) IL-1\u03b2-induced MMP-13 gene expression by condylar fibrochondrocytes. IL-1\u03b2 induces TMJ condylar cartilage damage, possibly by enhancing MMP-13 production. Mechanical loading reduces IL-1\u03b2-induced MMP-13 gene expression, suggesting that mechanical stimuli may prevent cartilage damage of the TMJ in arthritic patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20092260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T08:19:59Z","timestamp":1557389999000},"page":"2260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["IL-1\u03b2 Damages Fibrocartilage and Upregulates MMP-13 Expression in Fibrochondrocytes in the Condyle of the Temporomandibular Joint"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Hessam","family":"Tabeian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1571-691X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz F.","family":"Betti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Oral Kinesiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Orthodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinthya","family":"dos Santos Cirqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00facleo de Anatomia Patol\u00f3gica, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6464-5172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teun J.","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Lobbezoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Kinesiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anouk V.","family":"ter Linde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behrouz","family":"Zandieh-Doulabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marije I.","family":"Koenders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Everts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid D.","family":"Bakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aodf.2009.04.009","article-title":"Temporomandibular joint reconstruction","volume":"102","author":"Mercuri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alpha Omegan"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2016.08.033","article-title":"Juvenile porcine temporomandibular joint: Three different cartilaginous structures?","volume":"72","author":"Tabeian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. 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