{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T13:03:17Z","timestamp":1767963797529,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Programmed death 1 (PD-1), when activated by its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2, suppresses active immune cells in normal immune regulation to limit autoimmunity and, in tumors, as a mechanism of immune evasion. PD-L1 expression has been described as both a prognostic and predictive marker in many solid and hematologic neoplasms, as targeted therapies against the PD-1\/PD-L1 interaction have gained clinical importance. PD-L1 expression has been assessed in a few studies on mastocytosis. We review this literature and the need for further investigation of the tumor-immune interaction in mastocytosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20092362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T05:35:39Z","timestamp":1557725739000},"page":"2362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["PD-L1 Expression in Mastocytosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Margaret","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"},{"name":"ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diane S.","family":"Lidke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87102, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4595-8226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Department of Dermatology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5478-7847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracy I.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"},{"name":"ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salmaninejad, A., Valilou, S.F., Shabgah, A.G., Aslani, S., Alimardani, M., Pasdar, A., and Sahebkar, A. (2019). PD-1\/PD-L1 pathway: Basic biology and role in cancer immunotherapy. J. Cell. Physiol.","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28358"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.01.003","article-title":"Programmed cell death protein receptor and ligands in haematological malignancies\u2014Current status","volume":"135","author":"Mazur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6369","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006369","article-title":"Prognostic significance of PD-L1 in solid tumor: An updated meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"10","article-title":"The Prognostic and Clinicopathological Roles of PD-L1 Expression in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiu, L., Zheng, H., and Zhao, X. (2019). The prognostic and clinicopathological significance of PD-L1 expression in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A meta-analysis. BMC Cancer, 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-5466-y"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-018-0689-9","article-title":"PD-L1 diagnostic tests: A systematic literature review of scoring algorithms and test-validation metrics","volume":"13","author":"Udall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diagn. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e209","DOI":"10.3747\/co.25.4031","article-title":"Harmonization of PD-L1 testing in oncology: A Canadian pathology perspective","volume":"25","author":"Ionescu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. 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Available online: https:\/\/www.nccn.org\/professionals\/physician_gls\/pdf\/nscl_blocks.pdf."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1029704","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2015.1029704","article-title":"Innate vs. Adaptive: PD-L1-mediated immune resistance by melanoma","volume":"4","author":"Berry","year":"2015","journal-title":"OncoImmunology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-09-731893","article-title":"Mastocytosis: 2016 updated WHO classification and novel emerging treatment concepts","volume":"129","author":"Valent","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2332\/allergolint.12-OA-0450","article-title":"PD-1 Regulates the Growth of Human Mastocytosis Cells","volume":"62","author":"Kataoka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Allergol. Int."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.09.029","article-title":"Expression of PD-L1 in mastocytosis","volume":"74","author":"Kuklinski","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.07.006","article-title":"Expression of programmed cell death ligand-1 in mastocytosis correlates with disease severity","volume":"137","author":"Rabenhorst","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2017011551","article-title":"Variability of PD-L1 expression in mastocytosis","volume":"2","author":"Hatch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9617","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000009617","article-title":"Prognostic significance of circulating soluble programmed death ligand-1 in patients with solid tumors","volume":"97","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/20\/9\/2362\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:51:24Z","timestamp":1760187084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/20\/9\/2362"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms20092362"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20092362","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]]}}}