{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T14:57:07Z","timestamp":1777993027900,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]],"date-time":"2019-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)","award":["NRF-2018R1A5A2023879 and NRF-2017R1A2B4005588"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2018R1A5A2023879 and NRF-2017R1A2B4005588"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chemotherapy is not a first-line therapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which is the most common type of oral cancer, because most OSCC shows resistance to chemotherapeutic reagents. Inflammatory signals are suggested to be associated with chemoresistance as well as carcinogenesis in many different cancers, and thus chronic periodontitis, the most common chronic inflammatory disease of the oral cavity, could modulate responsiveness to chemotherapeutic agents used against oral cancer. This study was performed to define the role of chronic periodontitis in oral cancer progression and to determine the responsiveness of oral cancer to a chemotherapeutic reagent. First, we quantified the tumor growth rate and changes in serum cytokine profiles of mice administered Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major pathogen of chronic periodontitis. Compared with uninfected mice, the mice that were chronically administered P. gingivalis showed increased resistance to paclitaxel and a decreased tumor growth rate. In addition, P. gingivalis-treated mice exhibited higher serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) than uninfected mice. Furthermore, the sensitivity of tumor xenografts to paclitaxel in mice administered P. gingivalis was dramatically increased when the mice were administered ibuprofen, an anti-inflammatory drug which supports the modulatory effect of periodontal pathogen-induced inflammation in chemoresistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20102494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]],"date-time":"2019-05-21T10:52:51Z","timestamp":1558435971000},"page":"2494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Oral Administration of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Major Pathogen of Chronic Periodontitis, Promotes Resistance to Paclitaxel in Mouse Xenografts of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4047-2163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Min","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bok Hee","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea"},{"name":"Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji Hye","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea"},{"name":"Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanggyeong","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youngseuk","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong-Deok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea"},{"name":"Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1908-0824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hae Ryoun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea"},{"name":"Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2013.00232","article-title":"Chemoresistance and Cancer-Related Inflammation: Two Hallmarks of Cancer Connected by an Atypical Link, PKCzeta","volume":"3","author":"Rimessi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. 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