{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T21:54:09Z","timestamp":1766181249914,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,25]],"date-time":"2019-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry for the National Economy of Hungary","award":["GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00001","GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00034","GINOP-2.3.3.-15-2016-00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00001","GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00034","GINOP-2.3.3.-15-2016-00001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005881","name":"Ministry of Human Capacities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13725-2\/2018\/INTFIN","NTP-NFT\u00d6-18-B-0208","UNKP-18-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13725-2\/2018\/INTFIN","NTP-NFT\u00d6-18-B-0208","UNKP-18-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005881","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In an earlier study, signs of commencing degeneration of spinal motor neurons were induced in mice with short-term intraperitoneal injections of immunoglobulin G (IgG) taken from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Since in that study, neither weakness nor loss of motor neurons was noted, to test whether the ALS IgG in this paradigm has the potential to evoke relentless degeneration of motor neurons, treatment with repeated injections over a longer period was carried out. Mice were systematically injected intraperitoneally with serum taken from ALS patients over a 75-day period. At selected time points, the isometric force of the limbs, number of spinal motor neurons and their intracellular calcium levels were determined. Furthermore, markers of glial activation and the motoneuronal uptake of human IgG were monitored. During this period, gliosis and progressive motoneuronal degeneration developed, which led to gradual loss of spinal motor neurons, more than 40% at day 21, along with decreasing muscle strength in the limbs. The inclusion-like accumulation of IgG appeared in the perikarya with the increase of intracellular calcium in the cell bodies and motor nerve terminals. Our results demonstrate that ALS serum can transfer motor neuron disease to mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20102573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,26]],"date-time":"2019-05-26T23:07:27Z","timestamp":1558912047000},"page":"2573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Experimental Motor Neuron Disease Induced in Mice with Long-Term Repeated Intraperitoneal Injections of Serum from ALS Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Izabella","family":"Ob\u00e1l","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Aalborg University Hospital, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8643-0367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bern\u00e1t","family":"N\u00f3gr\u00e1di","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary"},{"name":"Foundation for the Future of Biomedical Sciences in Szeged, Szeged Scientist Academy, H-6721 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9ria","family":"Meszl\u00e9nyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary"},{"name":"Foundation for the Future of Biomedical Sciences in Szeged, Szeged Scientist Academy, H-6721 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5302-2815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roland","family":"Patai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0388-7965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerda","family":"Ricken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3841-5511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabor G.","family":"Kovacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Korn\u00e9lia","family":"Tripolszki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rta","family":"Sz\u00e9ll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary"},{"name":"Hungarian Academy of Sciences \u2013 University of Szeged, Dermatological Research Group, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"Sikl\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f3zsef I.","family":"Engelhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.3.512","article-title":"How amyotrophic lateral sclerosis got its name: The clinical-pathologic genius of Jean-Martin Charcot","volume":"58","author":"Rowland","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. 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