{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:41:05Z","timestamp":1760240465796,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]],"date-time":"2019-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18H02588"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18H02588"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tacrolimus is widely used as an immunosuppressant in liver transplantation, and tacrolimus-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication. The urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) level has been linked to tacrolimus-induced AKI in patients starting tacrolimus treatment the morning after liver transplantation. Here we tested this association using a different immunosuppression protocol: Mycophenolate mofetil administration beginning on Postoperative Day 1 and tacrolimus administration beginning on Postoperative Day 2 or 3. Urine samples were collected from 26 living donor liver transplant recipients before (Postoperative Day 1) and after (Postoperative Day 7 or 14) tacrolimus administration. NGAL levels were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, as were those of three additional urinary biomarkers for kidney diseases: Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), and human epididymis secretory protein 4 (HE4). HE4 levels after tacrolimus administration were significantly higher in patients who developed AKI (n = 6) than in those who did not (n = 20), whereas NGAL, MCP-1, and L-FABP levels did not differ significantly before or after tacrolimus administration. These findings indicate that NGAL may not be a universal biomarker of AKI in tacrolimus-treated liver transplant recipients. To reduce the likelihood of tacrolimus-induced AKI, our immunosuppression protocol is recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20123103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]],"date-time":"2019-06-25T10:52:31Z","timestamp":1561459951000},"page":"3103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Is Not Associated with Tacrolimus-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Liver Transplant Patients Who Received Mycophenolate Mofetil with Delayed Introduction of Tacrolimus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Mio","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimitaka","family":"Suetsugu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soichiro","family":"Tajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yurie","family":"Katsube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noboru","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoharu","family":"Yoshizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3673-6824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobuaki","family":"Egashira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3589-5989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satohiro","family":"Masuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2006.04.006","article-title":"An up-date review on individualized dosage adjustment of calcineurin inhibitors in organ transplant patients","volume":"112","author":"Masuda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol. 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