{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:27:17Z","timestamp":1781105237013,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taichung Veterans General Hospital.","award":["TCVGH-1063601B, TCVGH-1073604C, TCVGH-1077319C, TCVGH-1073604C, TCVGH-T1078808 and TCVGH-NCHU1087606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCVGH-1063601B, TCVGH-1073604C, TCVGH-1077319C, TCVGH-1073604C, TCVGH-T1078808 and TCVGH-NCHU1087606"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a leading cause of both Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD). After 2008, there has been much evidence presented, and recently the guidelines for sugar control have changed to focus on being more disease orientated. GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1R) and sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors are suggested as the first line towards fighting all DM, CVD and ESRD. However, the benefits of GLP-1R in organ transplantation recipients remain very limited. No clinical trials have been designed for this particular population. GLP-1R, a gastrointestinal hormone of the incretin family, possesses antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and immunomodulatory actions. There are few drug\u2013drug interactions, with delayed gastric emptying being the major concern. The trough level of tacrolimus may not be significant but should still be closely monitored. There are some reasons which support GLP-1R in recipients seeking glycemic control. Post-transplant DM is due to an impaired \u03b2-cell function and glucose-induced glucagon suppression during hyperglycemia, which can be reversed by GLP-1R. GLP-1R infusion tends to relieve immunosuppressant related toxicity. Until now, in some cases, glycemic control and body weight reduction can be anticipated with GLP-1R. Additional renal benefits have also been reported. Side effects of hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal discomfort were rarely reported. In conclusion, GLP-1R could be implemented for recipients while closely monitoring their tacrolimus levels and any potential side effects. Any added benefits, in addition to sugar level control, still require more well-designed studies to prove their existence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20133152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T11:20:26Z","timestamp":1561720826000},"page":"3152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Management of Diabetes Mellitus in Normal Renal Function, Renal Dysfunction and Renal Transplant Recipients, Focusing on Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonist: A Review Based upon Current Evidence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6119-0587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shang-Feng","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Hsu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.5.1047","article-title":"Global prevalence of diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030","volume":"27","author":"Wild","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504720","article-title":"Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"373","author":"Zinman","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1812389","article-title":"Dapagliflozin and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. Reply","volume":"380","author":"Wiviott","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1611925","article-title":"Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"377","author":"Neal","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1811744","article-title":"Canagliflozin and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy","volume":"380","author":"Perkovic","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603827","article-title":"Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1616011","article-title":"Liraglutide and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"377","author":"Mann","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.07.051","article-title":"Cardiorenal syndrome","volume":"52","author":"Ronco","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(91)90694-D","article-title":"Resolved and unresolved issues in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease: A workshop consensus statement","volume":"121","author":"Dzau","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041365","article-title":"Relation between renal dysfunction and cardiovascular outcomes after myocardial infarction","volume":"351","author":"Anavekar","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11G","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.07.016","article-title":"Pathophysiologic targets in the early phase of acute heart failure syndromes","volume":"96","author":"Gheorghiade","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nephro.2016.02.005","article-title":"Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease: From the laboratory to the clinic","volume":"12","author":"Ferenbach","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nephrol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.12.011","article-title":"Mortality in Incident Maintenance Dialysis Patients Versus Incident Solid Organ Cancer Patients: A Population-Based Cohort","volume":"73","author":"Naylor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis. Off. J. Natl. Kidney Found."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hft050","article-title":"EURObservational Research Programme: Regional differences and 1-year follow-up results of the Heart Failure Pilot Survey (ESC-HF Pilot)","volume":"15","author":"Maggioni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq154","article-title":"EURObservational Research Programme: The Heart Failure Pilot Survey (ESC-HF Pilot)","volume":"12","author":"Maggioni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"165","article-title":"Cardiorenal syndrome: A literature review","volume":"13","author":"Pokhrel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mnh.0000168336.67499.c0","article-title":"Arteriosclerosis, vascular calcifications and cardiovascular disease in uremia","volume":"14","author":"London","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"S16","article-title":"Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in chronic renal disease","volume":"9","author":"Foley","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. JASN"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2015.2","article-title":"United States Renal Data System public health surveillance of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease","volume":"5","author":"Collins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S182","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-S016","article-title":"16. Diabetes Advocacy: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2019","volume":"42","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.4158\/CS-2018-0535","article-title":"Consensus Statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the Comprehensive Type 2 Diabetes Management Algorithm\u20142019 Executive Summary","volume":"25","author":"Garber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr. Pract."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2581","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.20.joc50147","article-title":"Effect of muraglitazar on death and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"294","author":"Nissen","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072761","article-title":"Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes","volume":"356","author":"Nissen","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1307684","article-title":"Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"369","author":"Scirica","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2011.08.004","article-title":"EXamination of cArdiovascular outcoMes with alogliptIN versus standard of carE in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and acute coronary syndrome (EXAMINE): A cardiovascular safety study of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor alogliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes with acute coronary syndrome","volume":"162","author":"White","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1501352","article-title":"Effect of Sitagliptin on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"373","author":"Green","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.18269","article-title":"Effect of Linagliptin vs Placebo on Major Cardiovascular Events in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and High Cardiovascular and Renal Risk: The CARMELINA Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"321","author":"Rosenstock","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1509225","article-title":"Lixisenatide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Coronary Syndrome","volume":"373","author":"Pfeffer","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607141","article-title":"Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1612917","article-title":"Effects of Once-Weekly Exenatide on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"377","author":"Holman","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.2337\/dci17-0057","article-title":"Cardiovascular Outcomes Trials in Type 2 Diabetes: Where Do We Go From Here? Reflections From a Diabetes Care Editors\u2019 Expert Forum","volume":"41","author":"Cefalu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399810666140707092506","article-title":"Effect of GLP-1 based therapies on diabetic dyslipidemia","volume":"10","author":"Patel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Diabetes Rev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00233","article-title":"A Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Lowers Weight by Modulating the Structure of Gut Microbiota","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109144","article-title":"Glucose intolerance in uremia. Quantification of pancreatic beta cell sensitivity to glucose and tissue sensitivity to insulin","volume":"62","author":"DeFronzo","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1186\/cc1517","article-title":"Bench-to-bedside review: Glucose production from the kidney","volume":"6","author":"Cano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"22","article-title":"Management of hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure","volume":"12","author":"Sampanis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hippokratia"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association (2006). Standards of medical care in diabetes\u20142006. Diabetes Care, 29, S4\u2013S42.","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.29.s1.06.s4"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-2127","article-title":"A1C and survival in maintenance hemodialysis patients","volume":"30","author":"Kopple","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.00777.x","article-title":"Carbamylated hemoglobin and carbamylated plasma protein in hemodialyzed patients","volume":"53","author":"Balion","year":"1998","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S22","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.10.049","article-title":"Glycemic management in ESRD and earlier stages of CKD","volume":"63","author":"Williams","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis. Off. J. Natl. Kidney Found."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.3.805","article-title":"International Expert Panel on New-Onset Diabetes after, T. New-Onset Diabetes After Transplantation 2003 International Consensus Guidelines: An endocrinologist\u2019s view","volume":"27","author":"Davidson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1084","article-title":"Post-Transplant Diabetes Mellitus: Causes, Treatment, and Impact on Outcomes","volume":"37","author":"Shivaswamy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-6143.2003.00010.x","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation in the United States","volume":"3","author":"Kasiske","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6S28","DOI":"10.1016\/S1262-3636(16)30006-4","article-title":"Pleiotropic effects of insulin and GLP-1 receptor agonists: Potential benefits of the association","volume":"41","author":"Cariou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.2015.1041499","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluation of the alogliptin plus pioglitazone combination for type 2 diabetes","volume":"11","author":"Scheen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"636","article-title":"Exenatide induced acute kidney injury","volume":"26","author":"Aijazi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ayub Med. Coll. Abbottabad"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-2883","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide Versus Placebo as Add-on to Glucose-Lowering Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Moderate Renal Impairment (LIRA-RENAL): A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"39","author":"Davies","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-1025","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of Liraglutide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and End-Stage Renal Disease: An Investigator-Initiated, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Randomized Trial","volume":"39","author":"Idorn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"61","article-title":"The treatment of type 2 diabetes in the presence of renal impairment: What we should know about newer therapies","volume":"8","author":"Davies","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30104-9","article-title":"Dulaglutide versus insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease (AWARD-7): A multicentre, open-label, randomised trial","volume":"6","author":"Tuttle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13668","article-title":"Body weight and eGFR during dulaglutide treatment in type 2 diabetes and moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease (AWARD-7)","volume":"21","author":"Tuttle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1Q583","article-title":"Drug-drug interactions with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists","volume":"46","author":"Hurren","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-015-0127-x","article-title":"Comparison Review of Short-Acting and Long-Acting Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists","volume":"6","author":"Uccellatore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2006.02813.x","article-title":"Effects of gastric emptying on oral mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in stable renal allograft recipients","volume":"63","author":"Naesens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200847110-00004","article-title":"Blood and plasma pharmacokinetics of ciclosporin in diabetic kidney transplant recipients","volume":"47","author":"Mendonza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e171","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-1066","article-title":"Coadministration of liraglutide with tacrolimus in kidney transplant recipients: A case series","volume":"36","author":"Pinelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2018.03.087","article-title":"Management of Diabetes Mellitus With Glucagonlike Peptide-1 Agonist Liraglutide in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Retrospective Study","volume":"50","author":"Liou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transpl. Proc."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-2383","article-title":"GLP-1 Restores Altered Insulin and Glucagon Secretion in Posttransplantation Diabetes","volume":"39","author":"Halden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00387-3","article-title":"Post-transplantation diabetes-state of the art","volume":"4","author":"Sharif","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.1.01655","article-title":"Pancreatic beta-cells expressing GLP-1 are resistant to the toxic effects of immunosuppressive drugs","volume":"34","author":"Hui","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.2337\/db05-1220","article-title":"Dexamethasone induces cell death in insulin-secreting cells, an effect reversed by exendin-4","volume":"55","author":"Ranta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2015.93","article-title":"Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV protects tacrolimus-induced kidney injury","volume":"95","author":"Lim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1677","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment prevents glucocorticoid-induced glucose intolerance and islet-cell dysfunction in humans","volume":"34","author":"Linssen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-201407151-01757","article-title":"Long-Acting Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonist Therapy in Post Solid Organ Transplant Patients.: Abstract# B913","volume":"98","author":"Krisl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, P., Pesavento, T.E., Washburn, K., Walsh, D., and Meng, S. (2018). Largest single-centre experience of dulaglutide for management of diabetes mellitus in solid organ transplant recipients. Diabetes Obes. Metab.","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13619"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-018-0420-6","article-title":"Combination Treatment of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Symbiotic Effects on Metabolism and Cardiorenal Risk","volume":"9","author":"Goncalves","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612824666180604113653","article-title":"Combination of SGLT-2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Potential Benefits in Surrogate and Hard Endpoints","volume":"24","author":"Doumas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/20\/13\/3152\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:01:56Z","timestamp":1760187716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/20\/13\/3152"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms20133152"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20133152","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]]}}}