{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:53:33Z","timestamp":1774486413854,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]],"date-time":"2019-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016R1D1A1B03934875"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016R1D1A1B03934875"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016R1D1A1B03935584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016R1D1A1B03935584"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Estrogen affects endometrial cellular proliferation by regulating the expression of the c-myc gene. B-cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1), a translocation partner of the c-myc, is a tumor suppressor gene that promotes apoptosis and negatively regulates cellular proliferation and cell-to-cell adhesion. The aim of this study was to determine the role of BTG1 in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. BTG1 mRNA and protein expression was evaluated in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of 30 patients with endometriosis (endometriosis group), and in eutopic endometrium of 22 patients without endometriosis (control group). The effect of BTG1 downregulation on cellular migration, proliferation, and apoptosis was evaluated using transfection of primarily cultured human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) with BTG1 siRNA. BTG1 mRNA expression level of eutopic and ectopic endometrium of endometriosis group were significantly lower than that of the eutopic endometrium of the control group. Migration and wound healing assays revealed that BTG1 downregulation resulted in a significant increase in migration potential of HESCs, characterized by increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9. Downregulation of BTG1 in HESCs significantly reduced Caspase 3 expression, indicating a decrease in apoptotic potential. In conclusion, our data suggest that downregulation of BTG1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20133372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]],"date-time":"2019-07-10T03:05:26Z","timestamp":1562727926000},"page":"3372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Role of B-Cell Translocation Gene 1 in the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3704-8852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong Sook","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan 44033, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Sik","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Women\u2019s Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji Hyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jisun","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soohyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4223-1395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo Hyon","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Women\u2019s Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joo Hyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Women\u2019s Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seok Kyo","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Women\u2019s Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2718-6645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"SiHyun","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Women\u2019s Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4730-221X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun-Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byung Seok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Women\u2019s Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1786","article-title":"The International Glossary on Infertility and Fertility Care, 2017","volume":"32","author":"Adamson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. 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