{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T22:23:20Z","timestamp":1780957400515,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,21]],"date-time":"2019-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31601952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31601952"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Vitamin D (VD) plays a vital role in anti-viral innate immunity. However, the role of VD in anti-rotavirus and its mechanism is still unclear. The present study was performed to investigate whether VD alleviates rotavirus (RV) infection through a microRNA-155-5p (miR-155-5p)-mediated regulation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)\/interferon regulatory factors 3 (IRF3) signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. (2) Methods: The efficacy of VD treatment was evaluated in DLY pig and IPEC-J2. Dual-luciferase reporter activity assay was performed to verify the role of miR-155-5p in 1\u03b1,25-dihydroxy-VD3 (1,25D3) mediating the regulation of the TBK1\/IRF3 signaling pathway. (3) Results: A 5000 IU\u00b7kg\u20131 dietary VD3 supplementation attenuated RV-induced the decrease of the villus height and crypt depth (p &lt; 0.05), and up-regulated TBK1, IRF3, and IFN-\u03b2 mRNA expressions in the jejunum (p &lt; 0.05). Incubation with 1,25D3 significantly decreased the RV mRNA expression and the RV antigen concentration, and increased the TBK1 mRNA and protein levels, and the phosphoprotein IRF3 (p-IRF3) level (p &lt; 0.05). The expression of miR-155-5p was up-regulated in response to an RV infection in vivo and in vitro (p &lt; 0.05). 1,25D3 significantly repressed the up-regulation of miR-155-5p in vivo and in vitro (p &lt; 0.05). Overexpression of miR-155-5p remarkably suppressed the mRNA and protein levels of TBK1 and p-IRF3 (p &lt; 0.01), while the inhibition of miR-155-5p had an opposite effect. Luciferase activity assays confirmed that miR-155-5p regulated RV replication by directly targeting TBK1, and miR-155-5p suppressed the TBK1 protein level (p &lt; 0.01). (4) Conclusions: These results indicate that miR-155-5p is involved in 1,25D3 mediating the regulation of the TBK1\/IRF3 signaling pathway by directly targeting TBK1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20143562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]],"date-time":"2019-07-22T02:55:37Z","timestamp":1563764137000},"page":"3562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Vitamin D Alleviates Rotavirus Infection through a Microrna-155-5p Mediated Regulation of the TBK1\/IRF3 Signaling Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ye","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiming","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ningming","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linyuan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunhua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8351-7421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daiwen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya\u2019an 625014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e328317c897","article-title":"Rotavirus vaccines and pathogenesis: 2008","volume":"25","author":"Hyser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. 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