{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T01:30:20Z","timestamp":1790213420115,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]],"date-time":"2019-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is an important biomarker for patients with heart failure, hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. Although it is known that BNP levels are relatively higher in patients with chronic kidney disease and no heart disease, the mechanism remains unknown. Here, we review the functions and the roles of BNP in the heart-kidney interaction. In addition, we discuss the relevant molecular mechanisms that suggest BNP is protective against chronic kidney diseases and heart failure, especially in terms of the counterparts of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). The renal medulla has been reported to express depressor substances. The extract of the papillary tips from kidneys may induce the expression and secretion of BNP from cardiomyocytes. A better understanding of these processes will help accelerate pharmacological treatments for heart-kidney disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20143581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]],"date-time":"2019-07-22T11:07:28Z","timestamp":1563793648000},"page":"3581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["BNP as a Major Player in the Heart-Kidney Connection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ryuji","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuf","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryotaro","family":"Hashizume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noboru","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Genomics, Functional Genomics Institute, Mie University Life Science Research Center, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/332078a0","article-title":"A new natriuretic peptide in porcine brain","volume":"332","author":"Sudoh","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2004.08.028","article-title":"Molecular regulation of the brain natriuretic peptide gene","volume":"26","author":"LaPointe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.08.032","article-title":"Natriuretic peptides and cardio-renal disease","volume":"176","author":"Volpe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. 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