{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:23:49Z","timestamp":1792027429035,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]],"date-time":"2019-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI16\/00541, SAF2015-63696-R, PI14\/00386, PI17\/01495 and DTS-2017\/00203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI16\/00541, SAF2015-63696-R, PI14\/00386, PI17\/01495 and DTS-2017\/00203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Current treatments for diabetic retinopathy (DR) target late stages when vision has already been significantly affected. Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of DR, resulting in the disruption of the blood-retinal barrier. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) are cytokine-inducible proteins that function as a negative feedback loop regulating cytokine responses. On this basis, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a SOCS1-derived peptide administered by eye drops (2 weeks) on retinal neuroinflammation and early microvascular abnormalities in a db\/db mouse model. In brief, we found that SOCS1-derived peptide significantly reduced glial activation and neural apoptosis induced by diabetes, as well as retinal levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, a significant improvement of electroretinogram parameters was observed, thus revealing a clear impact of the histological findings on global retinal function. Finally, SOCS1-derived peptide prevented the disruption of the blood-retinal barrier. Overall, our results suggest that topical administration of SOCS1-derived peptide is effective in preventing retinal neuroinflammation and early microvascular impairment. These findings could open up a new strategy for the treatment of early stages of DR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20153615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]],"date-time":"2019-07-24T10:48:19Z","timestamp":1563965299000},"page":"3615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["SOCS1-Derived Peptide Administered by Eye Drops Prevents Retinal Neuroinflammation and Vascular Leakage in Experimental Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3109-1721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0669-4958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Bogdanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"G\u00f3mez-Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Lab, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria-Fundaci\u00f3n Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8463-7740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel","family":"Sampedro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Sol\u00e0-Adell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9949-5901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Espejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology-Neuroimmunology Department, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4249-7177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Garc\u00eda-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Lab, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria-Fundaci\u00f3n Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Egido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Lab, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria-Fundaci\u00f3n Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0475-3096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Sim\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.08.001","article-title":"The progress in understanding and treatment of diabetic 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