{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T14:04:42Z","timestamp":1790949882589,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]],"date-time":"2019-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005951","name":"Honjo International Scholarship Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005951","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an intracellular enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of heme to generate ferrous iron, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin, which is subsequently converted to bilirubin. These products have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-thrombotic properties. Although HO-1 is expressed at low levels in most tissues under basal conditions, it is highly inducible in response to various pathophysiological stresses\/stimuli. HO-1 induction is thus thought to be an adaptive defense system that functions to protect cells and tissues against injury in many disease settings. In atherosclerosis, HO-1 may play a protective role against the progression of atherosclerosis, mainly due to the degradation of pro-oxidant heme, the generation of anti-oxidants biliverdin and bilirubin and the production of vasodilator CO. In animal models, a lack of HO-1 was shown to accelerate atherosclerosis, whereas HO-1 induction reduced atherosclerosis. It was also reported that HO-1 induction improved the cardiac function and postinfarction survival in animal models of heart failure or myocardial infarction. Recently, we and others examined blood HO-1 levels in patients with atherosclerotic diseases, e.g., coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Taken together, these findings to date support the notion that HO-1 plays a protective role against the progression of atherosclerotic diseases. This review summarizes the roles of HO-1 in atherosclerosis and focuses on the clinical studies that examined the relationships between HO-1 levels and atherosclerotic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20153628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]],"date-time":"2019-07-25T05:37:41Z","timestamp":1564033061000},"page":"3628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["The Protective Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Atherosclerotic Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yoshimi","family":"Kishimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endowed Research Department \u201cFood for Health\u201d, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endowed Research Department \u201cFood for Health\u201d, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan"},{"name":"Institute of Life Innovation Studies, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7710-1446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yukihiko","family":"Momiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0902.104353","article-title":"Inflammation and atherosclerosis","volume":"105","author":"Libby","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00146","article-title":"Heme as a target for therapeutic interventions","volume":"8","author":"Immenschuh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. 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