{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T08:29:48Z","timestamp":1790152188264,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]],"date-time":"2019-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21337001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21337001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21607011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21607011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2018MB043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2018MB043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Fund of Shandong University","award":["2018JC027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018JC027"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Effect of H2O and NH3 on the synergistic oxidation reaction of SO2 and NO2 is investigated by theoretical calculation using the molecule system SO2-2NO2-nH2O (n = 0, 1, 2, 3) and SO2-2NO2-nH2O-mNH3 (n = 0, 1, 2; m = 1, 2). Calculated results show that SO2 is oxidized to SO3 by N2O4 intermediate. The additional H2O in the systems can reduce the energy barrier of oxidation step. The increasing number of H2O molecules in the systems enhances the effect and promotes the production of HONO. When the proportion of H2O to NH3 is 1:1, with NH3 included in the system, the energy barrier is lower than two pure H2O molecules in the oxidation step. The present study indicates that the H2O and NH3 have thermodynamic effects on promoting the oxidation reaction of SO2 and NO2, and NH3 has a more significant role in stabilizing product complexes. In these hydrolysis reactions, nethermost barrier energy (0.29 kcal\/mol) can be found in the system SO2-2NO2-H2O. It is obvious that the production of HONO is energetically favorable. A new reaction mechanism about SO2 oxidation in the atmosphere is proposed, which can provide guidance for the further study of aerosol surface reactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20153746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]],"date-time":"2019-07-31T11:37:07Z","timestamp":1564573027000},"page":"3746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Synergistic Reaction of SO2 with NO2 in Presence of H2O and NH3: A Potential Source of Sulfate Aerosol"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Zehua","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenxi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guochun","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Optics Research and Engineering (CORE), Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2009.04.019","article-title":"Coal combustion and its pollution control in China","volume":"35","author":"You","year":"2010","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(00)00463-5","article-title":"The atmospheric chemistry of sulphur and nitrogen in power station plumes","volume":"35","author":"Hewitt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Atmos. 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