{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T06:40:45Z","timestamp":1790059245126,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":196,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]],"date-time":"2019-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["to Maria J. Meneses (PD\/BD\/114256\/2016); M. Paula Macedo (PTDC\/DTP-EPI\/0207\/2012, PTDC\/BIM-MET\/2115\/2014 and PTDC\/BIM-MET\/4265\/2014); and iNOVA4Health (UID\/Multi\/04462\/2013)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["to Maria J. Meneses (PD\/BD\/114256\/2016); M. Paula Macedo (PTDC\/DTP-EPI\/0207\/2012, PTDC\/BIM-MET\/2115\/2014 and PTDC\/BIM-MET\/4265\/2014); and iNOVA4Health (UID\/Multi\/04462\/2013)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sociedade Portuguesa de Diabetologia","award":["GIFT 2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GIFT 2018"]}]},{"name":"European Commission Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions H2020","award":["grant agreements no. 722619 and no. 734719"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant agreements no. 722619 and no. 734719"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic disorders are characterized by an overall state of inflammation and oxidative stress, which highlight the importance of a functional antioxidant system and normal activity of some endogenous enzymes, namely paraoxonase-1 (PON1). PON1 is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory glycoprotein from the paraoxonases family. It is mainly expressed in the liver and secreted to the bloodstream, where it binds to HDL. Although it was first discovered due to its ability to hydrolyze paraoxon, it is now known to have an antiatherogenic role. Recent studies have shown that PON1 plays a protective role in other diseases that are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, such as Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. The aim of this review is to elucidate the physiological role of PON1, as well as the impact of altered PON1 levels in metabolic disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20164049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]],"date-time":"2019-08-19T11:22:38Z","timestamp":1566213758000},"page":"4049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Paraoxonase-1 as a Regulator of Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis: Impact on the Onset and Progression of Metabolic Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8236-5411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Meneses","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CEDOC\u2014Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School\/Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"ProRegeM PhD Programme, NOVA Medical School\/Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Silvestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEDOC\u2014Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School\/Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Sousa-Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEDOC\u2014Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School\/Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"APDP Diabetes Portugal\u2013Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), 1250-203 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2549-0275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Paula","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEDOC\u2014Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School\/Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"APDP Diabetes Portugal\u2013Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), 1250-203 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Medical Sciences Department and iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2017, December 12). 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